使用Objective-C设计模式提升iOS开发技能

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"Pro Objective-C Design Patterns for iOS" 是一本由 Carlo Chung 编著的专业书籍，旨在帮助iOS开发者通过Objective-C设计模式提升他们的编程技能。这本书由Apress出版社于2011年3月出版，共计392页，ISBN号为978-1-4302-3330-5，文件格式为PDF，大小为26.80 MB。本书主要分为六个部分，深入探讨了面向对象设计模式在iOS开发中的应用。以下是各章节的概览： 1. **第1章：你好，设计模式！** 这一章介绍了设计模式的基本概念，为读者构建起对设计模式的理解，以及它们在实际项目中的重要性。 2. **第2章：一个案例研究：设计应用程序** 通过一个具体的iOS应用实例，阐述如何运用设计模式来构建高效、可维护的代码结构。 3. **第3章至第7章：对象创建** 这部分涵盖了原型（Prototype）、工厂方法（Factory Method）、抽象工厂（Abstract Factory）、建造者（Builder）和单例（Singleton）模式，这些模式有助于对象的创建和管理。 4. **第8章至第10章：接口适应** 包括适配器（Adapter）、桥接（Bridge）和门面（Façade）模式，这些模式用于处理类之间的兼容性和接口的抽象。 5. **第11章至第12章：对象解耦** 探讨了中介者（Mediator）和观察者（Observer）模式，这两种模式有助于降低对象间的耦合度，提高系统的灵活性。 6. **第13章至第14章：抽象集合** 讲述组合（Composite）和迭代器（Iterator）模式，这些模式在处理复杂数据结构和遍历方面非常有用。 7. **第15章至第16章：行为扩展** 介绍了访问者（Visitor）和装饰器（Decorator）模式，这两种模式允许在不修改现有类的情况下增加新功能或行为。全书内容丰富，旨在帮助开发者熟练掌握Objective-C设计模式，从而提升iOS应用的开发效率和质量。通过阅读本书，读者不仅可以学习到如何在实践中运用这些模式，还能了解到如何通过设计模式解决常见的软件工程问题，提升代码的可读性、可扩展性和可维护性。

CHAPTER 1: Hello, Design Patterns!

 Ideally, there is no need to create new components to achieve reuse. It

is quite rare that you should be able to get all the functionality you

need just by assembling existing components through object

composition. In practice, the set of available components is never

quite rich enough.

Despites the cons, object composition can provide many benefits on system design.

Those cons can be counter-balanced by using class inheritance in certain areas as it

helps make it easier to make new components from old ones.

So when you favor object composition over class inheritance, it doesn’t mean that you

shouldn’t use class inheritance at all. You need to make a clear judgment on how to

reuse classes and objects in certain situations. Class inheritance and object composition

can work together if you design them properly for your systems. A natural way to think

before you design a class is more towards object composition. You can then refine the

design by looking for redundant behavior; if found, it may be a sign that’s begging for

class inheritance there. You will see object composition in the design patterns discussed

in this book.

Objects and Classes Used in this Book

I use different diagrams and graphics in the book to illustrate some important ideas of

the patterns. Sometimes I’ll use screenshots or other visual representation to showcase,

for example, the structure of a composite tree object. But I needed something more

formal and clear to denote relationships and interactions between classes and objects

alike. Most commonly used notations throughout the patterns in the book are class and

object diagrams. I borrowed the OMT (Object Modeling Technique) notation and

modified it to fit my needs. This section is going to describe the notations used for class

and object diagrams.

Class Diagram

A class diagram illustrates classes, the static relationships between them, and their

structure. In Objective-C, you can define a protocol, (abstract) class, and a category in

your applications.

Protocol, Abstract Class, Concrete Class, and Category

In general, a round rectangular box denotes a class entity with its name in bold type at

the top and operation names in the lower part of the box. If you are reading an electronic

version of this book, you’ll see that the background color of the protocol’s title bar is

pink and the other class entities’ title bars have a light blue background. Names for

abstract anything are in italics. So a protocol and an abstract class appear in bold and

italics. A protocol name is enclosed in a pair of angle brackets. Instance variables are

put in the very bottom part of the box. Samples of different class entities are illustrated

in Figure 1–2.

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