深入探索：高级Bash脚本编程指南

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"《Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide》是一本全面深入介绍Bash Shell脚本编程的指南，适合初学者和有一定经验的程序员。作者Mendel Cooper旨在帮助读者掌握Shell脚本的艺术，无论是否有编程背景，都能通过此书提升技能。书中包含丰富的练习和示例脚本，鼓励读者通过实践来学习。同时，这本书也适用于教授一般编程概念，不仅限于Shell脚本。" 在本书中，作者首先介绍了Shell编程的基础，如在第1章"Shell Programming!"中，读者将了解到Shell脚本的基本概念和注意事项。第2章"Starting Off With a Sha-Bang"讲解了如何启动脚本以及初步的练习，包括如何正确地调用脚本并进行初步的实践。接下来的部分，作者深入探讨了Shell脚本的核心元素。第3章"Special Characters"涵盖了特殊字符的使用，这些字符在脚本中起到关键作用，如管道、重定向和通配符等。第4章"Introduction to Variables and Parameters"介绍了变量和参数，包括变量替换、赋值、无类型特性以及特殊变量类型。第5章"Quoting"讲解了如何引用变量以及转义字符的使用，这对于防止命令行解释器错误解析字符串至关重要。在控制流程方面，第6章"Exit and Exit Status"讨论了脚本的退出状态及其重要性，这对于理解脚本运行结果和错误处理非常关键。第7章"Tests"详细阐述了测试结构，包括文件测试运算符、比较运算符以及如何嵌套条件测试，这些都是编写逻辑复杂脚本的基础。第8章"Operations and Related Topics"则涵盖了各种操作符、数值常量等相关主题。此外，书中还涉及了函数、循环、数组、错误处理、调试技巧以及脚本优化等多个方面，全面覆盖了Bash Shell脚本的各个方面。通过阅读和实践本书中的内容，读者将能够掌握编写高效、可维护的Bash脚本的技能，从而更好地利用Linux或Unix环境进行自动化任务和系统管理。

N-1. Batch file keywords / variables / operators, and their shell equivalents

N-2. DOS commands and their UNIX equivalents

P-1. Revision History

List of Examples

2-1. cleanup: A script to clean up log files in /var/log

2-2. cleanup: An improved clean-up script

2-3. cleanup: An enhanced and generalized version of above scripts.

3-1. Code blocks and I/O redirection

3-2. Saving the output of a code block to a file

3-3. Running a loop in the background

3-4. Backup of all files changed in last day

4-1. Variable assignment and substitution

4-2. Plain Variable Assignment

4-3. Variable Assignment, plain and fancy

4-4. Integer or string?

4-5. Positional Parameters

4-6. wh, whois domain name lookup

4-7. Using shift

5-1. Echoing Weird Variables

5-2. Escaped Characters

5-3. Detecting key-presses

6-1. exit / exit status

6-2. Negating a condition using !

7-1. What is truth?

7-2. Equivalence of test, /usr/bin/test, [ ], and /usr/bin/[

7-3. Arithmetic Tests using (( ))

7-4. Testing for broken links

7-5. Arithmetic and string comparisons

7-6. Testing whether a string is null

7-7. zmore

8-1. Greatest common divisor

8-2. Using Arithmetic Operations

8-3. Compound Condition Tests Using && and ||

8-4. Representation of numerical constants

8-5. C-style manipulation of variables

9-1. $IFS and whitespace

9-2. Timed Input

9-3. Once more, timed input

9-4. Timed read

9-5. Am I root?

9-6. arglist: Listing arguments with $* and $@

9-7. Inconsistent $* and $@ behavior

9-8. $* and $@ when $IFS is empty

9-9. Underscore variable

9-10. Using declare to type variables

9-11. Generating random numbers

9-12. Picking a random card from a deck

9-13. Brownian Motion Simulation

9-14. Random between values

9-15. Rolling a single die with RANDOM

9-16. Reseeding RANDOM

9-17. Pseudorandom numbers, using awk

10-1. Inserting a blank line between paragraphs in a text file

10-2. Generating an 8-character "random" string

10-3. Converting graphic file formats, with filename change

10-4. Converting streaming audio files to ogg

10-5. Emulating getopt

10-6. Alternate ways of extracting and locating substrings

10-7. Using parameter substitution and error messages

10-8. Parameter substitution and "usage" messages

10-9. Length of a variable

10-10. Pattern matching in parameter substitution

10-11. Renaming file extensions:

10-12. Using pattern matching to parse arbitrary strings

10-13. Matching patterns at prefix or suffix of string

11-1. Simple for loops

11-2. for loop with two parameters in each [list] element

11-3. Fileinfo: operating on a file list contained in a variable

11-4. Operating on files with a for loop

11-5. Missing in [list] in a for loop

11-6. Generating the [list] in a for loop with command substitution

11-7. A grep replacement for binary files

11-8. Listing all users on the system

11-9. Checking all the binaries in a directory for authorship

11-10. Listing the symbolic links in a directory

11-11. Symbolic links in a directory, saved to a file

11-12. A C-style for loop

11-13. Using efax in batch mode

11-14. Simple while loop

11-15. Another while loop

11-16. while loop with multiple conditions

11-17. C-style syntax in a while loop

11-18. until loop

11-19. Nested Loop

11-20. Effects of break and continue in a loop

11-21. Breaking out of multiple loop levels

11-22. Continuing at a higher loop level

11-23. Using continue N in an actual task

11-24. Using case

11-25. Creating menus using case

11-26. Using command substitution to generate the case variable

11-27. Simple string matching

11-28. Checking for alphabetic input

11-29. Creating menus using select

11-30. Creating menus using select in a function

12-1. Stupid script tricks

12-2. Generating a variable from a loop

12-3. Finding anagrams

15-1. A script that spawns multiple instances of itself

15-2. printf in action

15-3. Variable assignment, using read

15-4. What happens when read has no variable

15-5. Multi-line input to read

15-6. Detecting the arrow keys

15-7. Using read with file redirection

15-8. Problems reading from a pipe

15-9. Changing the current working directory

15-10. Letting let do arithmetic.

15-11. Showing the effect of eval

15-12. Using eval to select among variables

15-13. Echoing the command-line parameters

15-14. Forcing a log-off

15-15. A version of rot13

15-16. Using set with positional parameters

15-17. Reversing the positional parameters

15-18. Reassigning the positional parameters

15-19. "Unsetting" a variable

15-20. Using export to pass a variable to an embedded awk script

15-21. Using getopts to read the options/arguments passed to a script

15-22. "Including" a data file

15-23. A (useless) script that sources itself

15-24. Effects of exec

15-25. A script that exec's itself

15-26. Waiting for a process to finish before proceeding

15-27. A script that kills itself

16-1. Using ls to create a table of contents for burning a CDR disk

16-2. Hello or Good-bye

16-3. Badname, eliminate file names in current directory containing bad characters and whitespace.

16-4. Deleting a file by its inode number

16-5. Logfile: Using xargs to monitor system log

16-6. Copying files in current directory to another

16-7. Killing processes by name

16-8. Word frequency analysis using xargs

16-9. Using expr

16-10. Using date

16-11. Date calculations

16-12. Word Frequency Analysis

16-13. Which files are scripts?

16-14. Generating 10-digit random numbers

16-15. Using tail to monitor the system log

16-16. Printing out the From lines in stored e-mail messages

16-17. Emulating grep in a script

16-18. Crossword puzzle solver

16-19. Looking up definitions in Webster's 1913 Dictionary

16-20. Checking words in a list for validity

16-21. toupper: Transforms a file to all uppercase.

16-22. lowercase: Changes all filenames in working directory to lowercase.

16-23. du: DOS to UNIX text file conversion.

16-24. rot13: ultra-weak encryption.

16-25. Generating "Crypto-Quote" Puzzles

16-26. Formatted file listing.

16-27. Using column to format a directory listing

16-28. nl: A self-numbering script.

16-29. manview: Viewing formatted manpages

16-30. Using cpio to move a directory tree

16-31. Unpacking an rpm archive

16-32. Stripping comments from C program files

16-33. Exploring /usr/X11R6/bin

16-34. An "improved" strings command

16-35. Using cmp to compare two files within a script.

16-36. basename and dirname

20-2. Redirecting stdout using exec

20-3. Redirecting both stdin and stdout in the same script with exec

20-4. Avoiding a subshell

20-5. Redirected while loop

20-6. Alternate form of redirected while loop

20-7. Redirected until loop

20-8. Redirected for loop

20-9. Redirected for loop (both stdin and stdout redirected)

20-10. Redirected if/then test

20-11. Data file names.data for above examples

20-12. Logging events

21-1. Variable scope in a subshell

21-2. List User Profiles

21-3. Running parallel processes in subshells

22-1. Running a script in restricted mode

23-1. Code block redirection without forking

23-2. Redirecting the output of process substitution into a loop.

24-1. Simple functions

24-2. Function Taking Parameters

24-3. Functions and command-line args passed to the script

24-4. Passing an indirect reference to a function

24-5. Dereferencing a parameter passed to a function

24-6. Again, dereferencing a parameter passed to a function

24-7. Maximum of two numbers

24-8. Converting numbers to Roman numerals

24-9. Testing large return values in a function

24-10. Comparing two large integers

24-11. Real name from username

24-12. Local variable visibility

24-13. Demonstration of a simple recursive function

24-14. Another simple demonstration

24-15. Recursion, using a local variable

24-16. The Fibonacci Sequence

24-17. The Towers of Hanoi

25-1. Aliases within a script

25-2. unalias: Setting and unsetting an alias

26-1. Using an and list to test for command-line arguments

26-2. Another command-line arg test using an and list

26-3. Using or lists in combination with an and list

27-1. Simple array usage

27-2. Formatting a poem

27-3. Various array operations

27-4. String operations on arrays

27-5. Loading the contents of a script into an array

27-6. Some special properties of arrays

27-7. Of empty arrays and empty elements

27-8. Initializing arrays

27-9. Copying and concatenating arrays

27-10. More on concatenating arrays

27-11. The Bubble Sort

27-12. Embedded arrays and indirect references

27-13. The Sieve of Eratosthenes

27-14. The Sieve of Eratosthenes, Optimized

27-15. Emulating a push-down stack

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