Metasurfaces enabling structured light manipulation:
advances and perspectives [Invited]
Jian Wang (王 健)*
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
*Corresponding author: jwang@hust.edu.cn
Received February 5, 2018; accepted March 23, 2018; posted online April 17, 2018
Metasurfaces and structured light have rapidly advanced over the past few years, from being paradigms to
forming functional devices and tailoring special light beams for wide emerging applications. Here, we focus
on harnessing metasurfaces for structured light manipulation. We review recent advances in shaping structured
light by metasurfaces on different platforms (metal, silica, silicon, and fiber). Structured light manipulation
based on plasmonic metasurfaces, reflection-enhanced plasmonic metasurfaces, metasurfaces on fiber facets, di-
electric metasurfaces, and sub-wavelength structures on silicon are presented, showing impressive performance.
Future trends, challenges, perspectives, and opportunities are also discussed.
OCIS codes: 160.3918, 050.6624, 080.4865, 130.3120.
doi: 10.3788/COL201816.050006.
Different from electrons, photons feature multiple degrees
of freedom, including frequency/wavelength, time, com-
plex amplitude (amplitude, phase), polarization, and spa-
tial structure. Manipulating these physical dimensions of
photons enables a diversity of light related applications.
Beyond the traditional attention to frequency, time, com-
plex amplitude, and polarization, the spatial structure,
which is the only known physical dimension left, has at-
tracted increasing interest. Shaping the spatial structure
of lightwaves enables the generation of various special
light beams. Shown in Fig.
1 are typical examples of inho-
mogeneous amplitude, phase, and polarization distribu-
tion across the light beams, such as Hermite–Gaussian/
Laguerre–Gaussian/Bessel beams
[1–4]
, twisted light beams
with helical phasefront carrying orbital angular momen-
tum (OAM)
[5–7]
, and radially polarized vector beams
[8–10]
.
Generally, these special light beams can be called struc-
tured light, also known as tailored light, shap ed light,
sculpted light, or custom light. Structured light with spa-
tially variant amplitude/phase/polarization has grown
into a significant field, giving rise to many developments
in astronomy, manipulation, microscopy, imaging, metrol-
ogy, sensing, nonlinear interactions, quantum science, and
optical communications
[6–8,11–17]
. For instance, Bessel/
twisted light/vector beams were widely used for informa-
tion modulation/multiplexing in free-space and fiber-optic
communications
[3,4,9,10,13–15,18–21]
. Twisted light was also ap-
plied to Doppler effects for metrology
[22]
.
To facilitate diverse applications with structured light,
flexible manipulation of structured light is of great impor-
tance. As summarized in Fig.
2, many schemes have been
demonstrated for structured light manipulation, such as
direct lasing from resonator cavity
[23]
, cylindrical lens pairs
as a mode converter
[24]
, Q-plate
[25]
, spiral phase plate
[26]
,
spatial light modulator (SLM)
[27]
, fiber-based devices
[28]
,
and photonic integrated devices
[29–31]
. Very recently,
metamaterials and metasurfaces provide an alternative
approach to flexibly manipulate the structured light
[32]
.
In this paper, we focus on harnessing metasurfaces for
structured light manipulation. We review recent advances
in shaping structured light using plasmonic and dielectric
metasurfaces on different platforms. Future trends, chal-
lenges, perspectives, and opportunities are discussed at
the end.
Fig. 1. Multiple degrees of freedom of photons and typical struc-
tured light with shaped spatial structure.
Fig. 2. Summary of structured light manipulation by different
approaches.
COL 16(5), 050006(2018) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS May 10, 2018
1671-7694/2018/050006(6) 050006-1 © 2018 Chinese Optics Letters