使用SystemVerilog理解UVM中的回调机制(callback)

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“UVM中文资料提供了关于UVM(Universal Verification Methodology)的详细指南,适合初学者理解并构建复杂的UVM验证环境。” UVM(通用验证方法)是SystemVerilog语言的一个验证包,用于创建可复用的硬件验证组件。在这个中文资料中,主要讲解了如何利用callback机制来实现灵活的验证环境。Callback机制是UVM的核心特性之一,它允许在不修改原有代码结构的情况下,通过动态插入函数来改变系统的行为。 在示例中,`callback` 类定义了一个虚拟任务 `cb_pre_run()`,这个任务在默认情况下会打印 "basecallbackrun"。`widget` 类则包含一个 `callback` 类对象的队列 `cb_queue`,并且有一个 `add_cb()` 函数用于向队列中添加回调对象。当调用 `widget` 类的 `run()` 任务时,会遍历 `cb_queue` 中的所有回调对象,并执行它们的 `cb_pre_run()` 任务。这展示了如何通过回调机制在运行时决定执行哪些特定的行为。 在 `top` 模块中,我们创建了一个 `ext_callback` 类,它是 `callback` 类的子类,重写了 `cb_pre_run()` 任务,打印 "extcallbackrun"。这样,当我们创建 `ext_callback` 对象 `cb_ext` 并将其添加到 `widget` 的回调队列中时,`run()` 任务在执行前会先执行 `ext_callback` 的 `cb_pre_run()`,实现了扩展功能。 这个例子展示了UVM中callback的基本用法,包括: 1. 定义回调接口类:`callback` 类定义了回调接口,即 `cb_pre_run()` 任务。 2. 实现回调接口:`widget` 类使用回调接口,并提供添加回调对象的方法。 3. 继承和覆盖接口:`ext_callback` 类继承 `callback` 类并重写 `cb_pre_run()`,实现定制化行为。 4. 动态注册和调用回调:在 `initial` 块中创建回调对象并添加到 `widget` 中,运行时自动调用这些回调。 了解和熟练掌握UVM的callback机制对于构建可扩展、可复用的验证环境至关重要,因为它允许用户在不修改基础验证组件的前提下,根据需求添加或更改验证行为。此外,UVM还提供了多种类型的callback,如分析回调、构造回调等,用于在不同阶段触发自定义操作,进一步增强了验证的灵活性和可配置性。
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学习uvm必看的书。 1. Overview.............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction to UVM.................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Coverage-Driven Verification (CDV) ........................................................................ 1 1.1.2 Testbenches and Environments .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Verification Component Overview ............................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 Data Item (Transaction) .............................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 Driver (BFM) .............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.3 Sequencer .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.4 Monitor ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.5 Agent ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.6 Environment ................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 The UVM Class Library............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Other UVM Facilities................................................................................................................. 7 1.4.1 UVM Factory .............................................................................................................. 7 1.4.2 Transaction-Level Modeling (TLM) .......................................................................... 8 2. Transaction-Level Modeling (TLM) ................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 TLM, TLM-1, and TLM-2.0 ...................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 TLM-1 Implementation ............................................................................................ 10 2.2.2 TLM-2.0 Implementation ......................................................................................... 10 2.3 Basics ....................................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.1 Transactions .............................................................................................................. 10 2.3.2 Transaction-Level Communication .......................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Basic TLM Communication ..................................................................................... 11 2.3.4 Communicating between Processes .......................................................................... 12 2.3.5 Blocking versus Nonblocking ................................................................................... 13 2.3.6 Connecting Transaction-Level Components ............................................................ 13 2.3.7 Peer-to-Peer connections .......................................................................................... 14 2.3.8 Port/Export Compatibility ......................................................................................... 14 2.4 Encapsulation and Hierarchy ................................................................................................... 14 2.4.1 Hierarchical Connections .......................................................................................... 14 2.4.2 Connection Types ..................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Analysis Communication ......................................................................................................... 16 2.5.1 Analysis Ports ........................................................................................................... 16 2.5.2 Analysis Exports ....................................................................................................... 17 2.6 Generic Payload ....................................................................................................................... 18 2.6.1 Attributes .................................................................................................................. 18 2.6.2 Accessors .................................................................................................................. 19 2.6.3 Extensions ................................................................................................................. 20 2.7 Core Interfaces and Ports ......................................................................................................... 21 2.8 Blocking Transport................................................................................................................... 22 2.9 Nonblocking Transport ............................................................................................................ 22 2.10 Sockets ..................................................................................................................................... 24 2.11 Time ......................................................................................................................................... 26 2.12 Use Models............................................................................................................................... 28