ECMAScript 6权威指南：开发者的终极学习宝典

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《理解ECMAScript 6：JavaScript开发者必备指南》是由经验丰富的开发人员尼古拉斯·C·扎卡斯编写的权威著作。这本书全面介绍了ECMAScript 6语言的重大更新，这是JavaScript历史上最大的一次变革。作者提供了丰富的实例代码，无论是在浏览器环境还是Node.js环境中，都能让你实时体验新特性的实际应用。书中涵盖了多个核心主题，从Block Bindings（块级作用域）到JavaScript类的介绍，每个章节都深入浅出地讲解了新特性： 1. **块绑定（Chapter 1）**：探讨了ES6中的块级作用域和let关键字，有助于理解变量声明和提升规则的改变。 2. **字符串与正则表达式（Chapter 2）**：介绍了模板字符串、Unicode增强以及正则表达式的改进。 3. **函数（Chapter 3）**：详细讲解了箭头函数的语法和行为，它们与传统函数的区别以及在异步编程中的优势。 4. **扩展对象功能（Chapter 4）**：涉及解构赋值、默认参数、剩余参数和展开运算符，提升代码可读性和简洁性。 5. **数据存储（Chapter 5-7）**：通过Sets和Maps介绍集合数据结构，以及如何使用Symbols和它们的私有属性。 6. **迭代器和生成器（Chapter 8）**：学习如何使用迭代器进行遍历和处理无限序列，以及生成器函数的创建和使用。 7. **JavaScript类（Chapter 9）**：深入理解ES6类的语法，以及它们与原型链的关系和继承机制。 8. **改进的数组功能（Chapter 10）**：包括新的数组方法、扩展运算符以及Array.from和Array.of等实用工具。 9. **Promise和异步编程（Chapter 11）**：讲解Promise对象如何简化回调地狱，实现更优雅的异步控制。 10. **代理和反射API（Chapter 12）**：探索如何使用Proxy来实现对象的动态代理，以及访问和修改对象内部属性。 11. **模块化代码组织（Chapter 13）**：理解并实践模块系统，提升代码的封装和复用性。附录A列举了ES6中的次要变更，而附录B则前瞻了ES7的一些内容。《理解ECMAScript 6》对于Web开发者和Node.js开发者来说，是过渡到ES6标准的不可或缺的参考资料。

xiv Contents in Detail

Global Promise Rejection Handling .................................... 224

Node.js Rejection Handling ................................... 225

Browser Rejection Handling ................................... 227

Chaining Promises ................................................ 228

Catching Errors............................................ 229

Returning Values in Promise Chains.............................. 230

Returning Promises in Promise Chains ............................ 231

Responding to Multiple Promises ...................................... 233

The Promise.all() Method ..................................... 234

The Promise.race() Method.................................... 235

Inheriting from Promises ............................................ 236

Promise-Based Asynchronous Task Running ............................... 237

Summary ...................................................... 241

PROXIES AND THE REFLECTION API 243

The Array Problem ................................................ 244

Introducing Proxies and Reflection ..................................... 244

Creating a Simple Proxy ............................................ 245

Validating Properties Using the set Trap ................................. 246

Object Shape Validation Using the get Trap .............................. 247

Hiding Property Existence Using the has Trap ............................. 249

Preventing Property Deletion with the deleteProperty Trap ..................... 250

Prototype Proxy Traps .............................................. 252

How Prototype Proxy Traps Work ............................... 252

Why Two Sets of Methods? ................................... 254

Object Extensibility Traps ........................................... 255

Two Basic Examples ........................................ 255

Duplicate Extensibility Methods................................. 256

Property Descriptor Traps ........................................... 257

Blocking Object.defineProperty()................................ 258

Descriptor Object Restrictions .................................. 259

Duplicate Descriptor Methods .................................. 260

The ownKeys Trap ................................................ 261

Function Proxies with the apply and construct Traps ......................... 262

Validating Function Parameters................................. 264

Calling Constructors Without new ............................... 265

Overriding Abstract Base Class Constructors ....................... 266

Callable Class Constructors ................................... 267

Revocable Proxies ................................................ 268

Solving the Array Problem........................................... 269

Detecting Array Indexes...................................... 270

Increasing length When Adding New Elements...................... 270

Deleting Elements When Reducing length.......................... 272

Implementing the MyArray Class................................ 273

Using a Proxy as a Prototype......................................... 275

Using the get Trap on a Prototype ............................... 276

Using the set Trap on a Prototype ............................... 277

Using the has Trap on a Prototype............................... 278

Proxies as Prototypes on Classes................................ 279

Summary ...................................................... 282

Contents in Detail xv

ENCAPSULATING CODE WITH MODULES 283

What Are Modules? .............................................. 283

Basic Exporting .................................................. 284

Basic Importing .................................................. 285

Importing a Single Binding.................................... 286

Importing Multiple Bindings ................................... 286

Importing an Entire Module ................................... 286

A Subtle Quirk of Imported Bindings ............................. 288

Renaming Exports and Imports........................................ 288

Default Values in Modules........................................... 289

Exporting Default Values ..................................... 289

Importing Default Values ..................................... 290

Re-exporting a Binding ............................................. 291

Importing Without Bindings .......................................... 292

Loading Modules ................................................. 293

Using Modules in Web Browsers ............................... 293

Browser Module Specifier Resolution ............................. 297

Summary ...................................................... 298

MINOR CHANGES IN ECMASCRIPT 6 299

Working with Integers ............................................. 299

Identifying Integers ......................................... 300

Safe Integers ............................................. 300

New Math Methods ............................................... 301

Unicode Identifiers ................................................ 302

Formalizing the __proto__ Property .................................... 303

UNDERSTANDING ECMASCRIPT 7 (2016) 305

The Exponentiation Operator......................................... 306

Order of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Operand Restriction ........................................ 306

The Array.prototype.includes() Method .................................. 307

How to Use Array.prototype.includes()............................ 307

Value Comparison ......................................... 308

A Change to Function-Scoped Strict Mode ............................... 308

INDEX 311

xviii Foreword

upcoming ECMAScript 6 (ES6) speciﬁcation, codenamed Harmony, was far

from ﬁnished and seemed like a distant future. “Maybe in 10 years I’ll get to

write some ES6 code,” I thought.

There were some experimental “transpilers” like Google Traceur that

translated code from ES6 into ES5. Most of them were very limited or hard

to plug into an existing JavaScript build pipeline. But then a new transpiler

called 6to5 came along and changed everything. It was easy to install, inte-

grated well with the existing tools, and produced readable code. It spread

like wildﬁre. Now called Babel, 6to5 brought ES6 features to a mainstream

audience even before the speciﬁcation was ﬁnalized. In a matter of months,

ES6 was everywhere.

ES6 has divided the community for a number of reasons. As this book

goes to press, it is still not fully implemented in many major browsers.

Having a build step can be intimidating when you’re just learning the

language. Some libraries have documentation and examples in ES6, and

you might wonder if it is possible to use those libraries in ES5 at all. This

contributes to the confusion. Many people didn’t expect any new features

in the language because it had almost never changed before. Others anx-

iously awaited the new features’ arrival and used all of them together—in

some cases beyond what was necessary.

Just as I was becoming proﬁcient with JavaScript, I felt that somebody

pulled the rug from under my feet, and now I had to learn a new language.

I felt bad about this for a few months. Finally, on Christmas Eve, I started

reading a draft of this book. I couldn’t put it down. Next thing I knew, it

was 3 am, everybody at the party was asleep, and I understood ES6!

Nicholas is an incredibly gifted teacher. He conveys deep details in a

straightforward way so they don’t go over your head. Apart from this book,

he is also known for creating ESLint, a JavaScript code analyzer that has

been downloaded millions of times.

Nicholas knows JavaScript like very few people do. Don’t miss the

chance to soak up some of his knowledge. Read this book, and you, too,

will become conﬁdent in your understanding of ES6.

Dan Abramov

React core team member and creator of Redux

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ECMAScript 6权威指南：开发者的终极学习宝典

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