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首页2天Oracle数据库开发者指南:2020年最新版
2天Oracle数据库开发者指南:2020年最新版
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更新于2024-07-09
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"Oracle® Database 2-Day Developer's Guide是一份全面深入的文档,专为快速入门和熟悉Oracle数据库设计。这份2020年发布的第21版F32609-01手册,由Chuck Murray为主编,其他多位经验丰富的开发者如Eric Belden、Bjorn Engsig等人共同贡献,旨在为开发人员提供在短短两天内理解和掌握Oracle数据库的关键知识。 该指南涵盖了Oracle数据库的核心概念、安装与配置、数据模型设计、SQL查询优化、事务处理、存储过程、索引策略、安全性管理和备份恢复等多个方面。对于初学者,它提供了基础操作的详细步骤,而对已有经验的开发人员,则包含高级特性和最佳实践的深入解析。 值得注意的是,使用此文档必须遵循Oracle的许可协议,其中规定了使用和披露的限制,并受到知识产权法律保护。除非在协议允许或法律规定的情况下,否则禁止未经许可的复制、修改、分发等行为。同时,未经许可的逆向工程、拆解或反编译软件也是被禁止的。 文档强调信息可能会随时更新,且不承诺无误,鼓励用户发现错误时通过书面形式向Oracle报告。如果这份文档是作为软件或相关文档的一部分交付,那么它可能还包含了特定版本的API和功能介绍,确保开发人员能与最新的Oracle数据库环境无缝集成。 Oracle Database 2-Day Developer's Guide是一本实用且权威的参考书,无论是初次接触Oracle的开发者还是希望提升技能的专业人士,都能从中获得宝贵的知识和实践经验。"
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• Synonyms
Synonyms are aliases for schema objects. You can use synonyms for security and
convenience; for example, to hide the ownership of an object or to simplify SQL
statements.
• Stored subprograms
Stored subprograms (also called schema-level subprograms) are procedures
and functions that are stored in the database. They can be invoked from client
applications that access the database.
Triggers are stored subprograms that are automatically run by the database when
specified events occur in a particular table or view. Triggers can restrict access to
specific data and perform logging.
• Packages
A package is a group of related subprograms, along with the explicit cursors and
variables they use, stored in the database as a unit, for continued use. Like stored
subprograms, package subprograms can be invoked from client applications that
access the database.
Typically, the objects that an application uses belong to the same schema.
See Also:
• Oracle Database Concepts for a comprehensive introduction to schema
objects
• Creating and Managing Tables
• Managing Indexes
• Creating and Managing Views
• Creating and Managing Sequences
• Creating and Managing Synonyms
• Developing Stored Subprograms and Packages
• Using Triggers
1.2.2 About Oracle Database Access
You can access Oracle Database only through a client program, such as SQL*Plus or
SQL Developer.
The client program's interface to Oracle Database is Structured Query Language
(SQL). Oracle provides an extension to SQL called Procedural Language/SQL (PL/
SQL).
1.2.2.1 About SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus (pronounced sequel plus) is an interactive and batch query tool that is
installed with every Oracle Database installation. It has a command-line user interface
that acts as the client when connecting to the database.
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SQL*Plus has its own commands and environment. In the SQL*Plus environment, you
can enter and run SQL*Plus commands, SQL statements, PL/SQL statements, and
operating system commands to perform tasks such as:
• Formatting, performing calculations on, storing, and printing query results
• Examining tables and object definitions
• Developing and running batch scripts
• Performing database administration
You can use SQL*Plus to generate reports interactively, to generate reports as batch
processes, and to output the results to text file, to screen, or to HTML file for browsing
on the Internet. You can generate reports dynamically using the HTML output facility.
You can use SQL*Plus in SQL Developer. For details, see Oracle SQL Developer
User's Guide.
See Also:
• "Connecting to Oracle Database from SQL*Plus"
• SQL*Plus User's Guide and Reference for information about SQL*Plus
1.2.2.2 About SQL Developer
SQL Developer (pronounced sequel developer) is a graphical user interface for
Oracle Database, that is available in the default installation of Oracle Database and by
free download from the Oracle Technology Network.
SQL Developer serves as a modern integrated development environment (IDE) for
SQL and PL/SQL, and provides a graphical interface for managing database objects.
You can also create reports, design data models, migrate third-party databases to
Oracle, REST-enable tables and views, and deploy and manage Oracle REST Data
Services. The SQL Worksheet allows you to enter and run SQL statements, PL/SQL
statements, and SQL*Plus commands and scripts.
Note:
SQL Developer often offers several ways to do a task, but this document
does not explain every possible way.
See Also:
• "Connecting to Oracle Database from SQL Developer"
• Oracle SQL Developer User's Guide for information about SQL
Developer
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1.2.2.3 About Structured Query Language (SQL)
Structured Query Language (SQL) (pronounced sequel) is the set-based, high-
level computer language with which all programs and users access data in Oracle
Database.
SQL is a declarative, or nonprocedural, language; that is, it describes what to do,
but not how. You specify the desired result set (for example, the names of current
employees), but not how to get it.
See Also:
• Oracle Database Concepts for a complete overview of SQL
• Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for complete information
about SQL
1.2.2.4 About Procedural Language/SQL (PL/SQL)
Procedural Language/SQL (PL/SQL) (pronounced P L sequel) is a native Oracle
Database extension to SQL. It bridges the gap between declarative and imperative
program control by adding procedural elements, such as conditional control and loops.
In PL/SQL, you can declare constants and variables, procedures and functions, types
and variables of those types, and triggers. You can handle exceptions (runtime errors).
You can create PL/SQL units—procedures, functions, packages, types, and triggers—
that are stored in the database for reuse by applications that use any of the Oracle
Database programmatic interfaces.
The basic unit of a PL/SQL source program is the block, which groups related
declarations and statements. A block has an optional declarative part, a required
executable part, and an optional exception-handling part.
See Also:
• Oracle Database Concepts for a complete overview of PL/SQL
• Oracle Database PL/SQL Language Reference for complete information
about PL/SQL
1.2.2.5 About Other Client Programs, Languages, and Development Tools
Several other client programs, languages, and tools are available.
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Note:
Some of the products on the preceding list do not ship with Oracle Database
and must be downloaded separately.
See Also:
• Oracle Database Concepts for more information about tools for Oracle
Database developers
• Oracle Database Development Guide for information about choosing a
programming environment
1.2.2.5.1 Oracle Application Express
Oracle Application Express is an application development and deployment tool that
enables you to quickly create secure and scalable web applications even if you have
limited previous programming experience. The embedded Application Builder tool
assembles an HTML interface or a complete application that uses schema objects,
such as tables or stored procedures, into a collection of pages that are linked through
tabs, buttons, or hypertext links.
See Also:
Oracle Application Express App Builder User's Guide for more information
about Oracle Application Express
1.2.2.5.2 Oracle Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
Oracle Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is an API that enables Java to send
SQL statements to an object-relational database, such as Oracle Database. Oracle
Database JDBC provides complete support for the JDBC 3.0 and JDBC RowSet
(JSR-114) standards, advanced connection caching for both XA and non-XA
connections, exposure of SQL and PL/SQL data types to Java, and fast SQL data
access.
See Also:
For more information about JDBC:
• Oracle Database Concepts
• Oracle Database Development Guide
• Oracle Database 2 Day + Java Developer's Guide
Chapter 1
About Oracle Database
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1.2.2.5.3 Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
The Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is a powerful interpreted server-side scripting
language for quick web application development. PHP is an open source language
that is distributed under a BSD-style license. PHP is designed for embedding database
access requests directly into HTML pages.
1.2.2.5.4 Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Oracle Call Interface (OCI) is the native C language API for accessing Oracle
Database directly from C applications.
The OCI Software Development Kit is installed as part of the Oracle Instant Client,
which enables you to run applications without installing the standard Oracle client or
having an
ORACLE_HOME
. Your applications work without change, using significantly less
disk space.
See Also:
• Oracle Database Development Guide for more information about OCI
• Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide for complete information
about OCI
1.2.2.5.5 Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI)
Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI) is the native C++ language API for accessing Oracle
Database directly from C++ applications. Like OCI, OCCI supports both relational and
object-oriented programming paradigms.
The OCCI Software Development Kit is also installed as part of the Oracle Instant
Client, which enables you to run applications without installing the standard Oracle
client or having an
ORACLE_HOME
. Your applications work without change, using
significantly less disk space.
See Also:
• Oracle Database Development Guide for more information about OCCI
• Oracle C++ Call Interface Programmer's Guide for complete information
about OCCI
1.2.2.5.6 Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a set of database access APIs that connect to
the database, prepare, and then run SQL statements on the database. An application
that uses an ODBC driver can access nonuniform data sources, such as spreadsheets
and comma-delimited files.
Chapter 1
About Oracle Database
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