游戏引擎架构：Jason Gregory的第三版英文详解

游戏引擎

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"Game Engine Architecture 3rd Edition 是一本由 Jason Gregory 编著的专业书籍，由 CRC Press（Taylor & Francis Group 出版社的一个印记）出版。这本书专注于探讨游戏引擎的架构，是游戏开发领域的权威参考资料。" 在游戏开发领域，游戏引擎架构是至关重要的组成部分，它涉及到游戏性能、图形渲染、物理模拟、音频处理、输入处理等多个关键模块的设计与实现。Jason Gregory 的《游戏引擎架构》第三版深入讲解了这些核心概念和技术，为读者提供了全面而深入的见解。 1. **游戏引擎的组件与架构**：本书会详细阐述游戏引擎的基础架构，包括渲染引擎、物理系统、脚本系统、AI框架、内存管理、多线程和并发、以及资源管理系统等。理解这些组件如何协同工作是构建高效游戏引擎的关键。 2. **图形渲染**：书中可能涵盖现代图形API如DirectX和OpenGL，以及现代渲染技术，如着色器编程、光照模型、阴影技术、粒子系统、环境映射等，这些都是构建视觉效果逼真的游戏不可或缺的部分。 3. **物理引擎**：物理引擎负责模拟游戏世界中的物体运动和相互作用。书中可能讨论布料模拟、刚体动力学、碰撞检测算法等，这些都是实现真实感游戏体验的重要部分。 4. **音频处理**：游戏中的声音效果也是增强沉浸感的关键，书中的这部分可能会介绍音频引擎的设计，包括音效播放、音量控制、空间化等技术。 5. **脚本系统与AI**：游戏中的逻辑通常通过脚本语言实现，书会讨论如何设计和集成脚本系统，以及如何利用这些脚本来实现复杂的游戏逻辑和人工智能行为。 6. **性能优化**：游戏引擎需要在有限的硬件资源下提供最佳的用户体验，因此性能优化是必不可少的主题。可能涉及内存管理、CPU效率、GPU利用率等方面的策略。 7. **跨平台开发**：现代游戏往往需要在多个平台上运行，书中可能涵盖如何设计和实现跨平台兼容的游戏引擎。 8. **工具与管线**：开发工具和内容创建管道对于游戏开发效率至关重要，本书可能讨论版本控制、资产导入导出、编辑器设计等。 9. **实例分析**：作者可能通过实际案例分析，展示如何将理论应用到实际项目中，帮助读者更好地理解和实践。 10. **版权和使用许可**：最后，书中提到了对原始资料的尊重和版权问题，提醒读者在使用书中内容时要注意遵守版权法规。《游戏引擎架构》第三版是一本适合游戏开发人员、学生和对游戏技术感兴趣的读者深入学习的书籍，涵盖了游戏引擎开发的各个方面，有助于提升读者在这个领域的专业技能。

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Preface xv

this book’s website at http://www.gameenginebook.com. You can also follow

me on Twitter @jqgregory.

New to the Third Edition

The computing hardware that lies at the heart of today’s game consoles, mo-

bile devices and personal computers makes heavy use of parallelism. Deep

within the CPUs and GPUs in these devices, multiple functional units operate

simultaneously, employing a “divide and conquer” approach to high-speed

computation. While parallel computing hardware can make traditional single-

threaded programs run faster, programmers need to write concurrent software

to truly take advantage of the hardware parallelism that has become ubiqui-

tous in modern computing platforms.

In prior editions of Game Engine Architecture, the topics of parallelism and

concurrency were touched on in the context of game engine design. However,

they weren’t given the in-depth treatment they deserved. In this, the third

edition of the book, this problem has been remedied via the addition of a brand

new chapter on concurrency and parallelism. Chapters 8 and 16 have also been

augmented to include detailed discussions of how concurrent programming

techniques are typically applied to game engine subsystem and game object

model updates, and how a general-purpose job system can be used to unlock

the power of concurrency within a game engine.

I’ve already mentioned that every good game programmer must have a

strong working knowledge of C++ (in addition to the wide variety of other

useful languages used regularly in the game industry). In my view, a pro-

grammer’s knowledge of high-level languages should rest upon a solid under-

standing of the software and hardware systems that underlie them. As such,

in this edition I’ve expanded Chapter 3 to include a treatment of the funda-

mentals of computer hardware, assembly language, and the operating system

kernel.

This third edition of Game Engine Architecture also improves upon the treat-

ment of various topics covered in prior editions. A discussion of local and

global compiler optimizations has been added. Fuller coverage of the vari-

ous C++ language standards is included. The section on memory caching and

cache coherency has been expanded. The animation chapter has been stream-

lined. And, as with the second edition, various errata have been repaired that

were brought to my attention by you, my devoted readers. Thank you! I hope

you’ll nd that the mistakes you found have all been xed. (Although no

doubt they have been replaced by a slew of new mistakes, about which you

can feel free to inform me, so that I may correct them in the fourth edition of

the book!)

xvi Preface

Of course, as I’ve said before, the eld of game engine programming is al-

most unimaginably broad and deep. There’s no way to cover every topic in

one book. As such, the primary purpose of this book remains to serve as an

awareness-building tool and a jumping-off point for further learning. I hope

you nd this edition helpful on your journey through the fascinating and mul-

tifaceted landscape of game engine architecture.

Acknowledgments

No book is created in a vacuum, and this one is certainly no exception. This

book—and its third edition, which you now hold in your hands—would not

have been possible without the help of my family, friends and colleagues in the

game industry, and I’d like to extend warm thanks to everyone who helped me

to bring this project to fruition.

Of course, the ones most impacted by a project like this are invariably the

author’s family. So I’d like to start by offering, for a third time, a special thank-

you to my wife Trina. She was a pillar of strength during the writing of the

original book, and she was as supportive and invaluably helpful as ever dur-

ing my work on the second and third editions. While I was busy tapping away

on my keyboard, Trina was always there to take care of our two boys, Evan

(now age 15) and Quinn (age 12), day after day and night after night, often

forgoing her own plans, doing my chores as well as her own (more often than

I’d like to admit), and always giving me kind words of encouragement when

I needed them the most.

I would also like to extend special thanks to my editors for the rst edition,

Matt Whiting and Jeff Lander. Their insightful, targeted and timely feedback

was always right on the money, and their vast experience in the game industry

helped to give me condence that the information presented in these pages

is as accurate and up-to-date as humanly possible. Matt and Jeff were both

a pleasure to work with, and I am honored to have had the opportunity to

collaborate with such consummate professionals on this project. I’d like to

extend a special thank-you to Jeff for putting me in touch with Alice Peters and

helping me to get this project off the ground in the rst place. Matt, thank you

also for stepping up to the plate once again and providing me with valuable

feedback on the new concurrency chapter in the third edition.

A number of my colleagues at Naughty Dog also contributed to this

book, either by providing feedback or by helping me with the structure and

topic content of one of the chapters. I’d like to thank Marshall Robin and

Carlos Gonzalez-Ochoa for their guidance and tutelage as I wrote the render-

ing chapter, and Pål-Kristian Engstad for his excellent and insightful feedback

Preface xvii

on the content of that chapter. My thanks go to Christian Gyrling for his feed-

back on various sections of the book, including the chapter on animation, and

the new chapter on parallelism and concurrency. I want to extend a special

thank-you to Jonathan Lanier, Naughty Dog’s resident senior audio program-

mer extraordinaire, for providing me with a great deal of the raw informa-

tion you’ll nd in the audio chapter, for always being available to chat when I

had questions, and for providing laser-focused and invaluable feedback after

reading the initial draft. I’d also like to thank one of the newest members of

our Naughty Dog programming team, Kareem Omar, for his valuable insights

and feedback on the new concurrency chapter. My thanks also go to the entire

Naughty Dog engineering team for creating all of the incredible game engine

systems that I highlight in this book.

Additional thanks go to Keith Schaeffer of Electronic Arts for providing

me with much of the raw content regarding the impact of physics on a game,

found in Section 13.1. I’d also like to extend a warm thank-you to Christophe

Balestra (who was co-president of Naughty Dog during my rst ten years

there), Paul Keet (who was a lead engineer on the Medal of Honor franchise

during my time at Electronic Arts), and Steve Ranck (the lead engineer on the

Hydro Thunder project at Midway San Diego), for their mentorship and guid-

ance over the years. While they did not contribute to the book directly, they

did help to make me the engineer that I am today, and their inuences are

echoed on virtually every page in one way or another.

This book arose out of the notes I developed for a course entitled ITP-485:

Programming Game Engines, which I taught under the auspices of the Infor-

mation Technology Program at the University of Southern California for ap-

proximately four years. I would like to thank Dr. Anthony Borquez, the di-

rector of the ITP department at the time, for hiring me to develop the ITP-485

course curriculum in the rst place.

My extended family and friends also deserve thanks, in part for their unwa-

vering encouragement, and in part for entertaining my wife and our two boys

on so many occasions while I was working. I’d like to thank my sister- and

brother-in-law, Tracy Lee and Doug Provins, my cousin-in-law Matt Glenn,

and all of our incredible friends, including Kim and Drew Clark, Sherilyn and

Jim Kritzer, Anne and Michael Scherer, Kim and Mike Warner, and Kendra

and Andy Walther. When I was a teenager, my father Kenneth Gregory

wrote Extraordinary Stock Prots—a book on investing in the stock market—

and in doing so, he inspired me to write this book. For this and so much

more, I am eternally grateful to him. I’d also like to thank my mother Er-

ica Gregory, in part for her insistence that I embark on this project, and in

part for spending countless hours with me when I was a child, beating the art

xviii Preface

of writing into my cranium. I owe my writing skills, my work ethic, and my

rather twisted sense of humor entirely to her!

I’d like to thank Alice Peters and Kevin Jackson-Mead, as well as the entire

A K Peters staff, for their Herculean efforts in publishing the rst edition of

this book. Since that time, A K Peters has been acquired by the CRC Press,

the principal science and technology book division of the Taylor & Francis

Group. I’d like to wish Alice and Klaus Peters all the best in their future en-

deavors. I’d also like to thank Rick Adams, Jennifer Ahringer, Jessica Vega

and Cynthia Klivecka of Taylor & Francis for their patient support and help

throughout the process of creating the second and third editions of Game En-

gine Architecture, Jonathan Pennell for his work on the cover for the second

edition, Scott Shamblin for his work on the third edition’s cover art, and Brian

Haeger (http://www.bionic3d.com) for graciously permitting me to use his

beautiful 3D model of the Space X Merlin rocket engine on the cover of the

third edition.

I am thrilled to be able to say that both the rst and second editions of

Game Engine Architecture have been or are being translated into Japanese, Chi-

nese and Korean! I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Kazuhisa Minato

and his team at Namco Bandai Games for taking on the incredibly daunting

task of the Japanese translation, and for doing such a great job with both edi-

tions. I’d also like to thank the folks at Softbank Creative, Inc. for publishing

the Japanese version of the book. I would also like to extend my warmest

thanks to Milo Yip for his hard work and dedication to the Chinese translation

project. My sincere appreciation goes to the Publishing House of the Electron-

ics Industry for publishing the Chinese translation of the book, and to both

the Acorn Publishing Company and Hongreung Science Publishing Co. for

their publication of the Korean translations of the rst and second editions,

respectively.

Many of my readers took the time to send me feedback and alert me to er-

rors in the rst and second editions, and for that I’d like to extend my sincere

thanks to all of you who contributed. I’d like to give a special thank-you to

Milo Yip, Joe Conley and Zachary Turner for going above and beyond the call

of duty in this regard. All three of you provided me with many-page docu-

ments, chock full of errata and incredibly valuable and insightful suggestions.

I’ve tried my best to incorporate all of this feedback into the third edition—

please keep it coming!

Jason Gregory

April 2018

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