优化Android应用开发：5.0+最佳实践与高效架构

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Preface

Getting Started

For those new to developing Android applications, the minimum requirement is a computer

running either OS X, Windows, or Linux. On these systems, you should download Android

Studio from http://developer.android.com/sdk/ . Android Studio comes with the Android SDK.

Full use of the Android SDK requires downloads of the version and sample code for which you

want to develop. Although you can certainly download only a specific version of Android, you

should download all versions of Android on which you want your app to work.

You should also use the Android SDK to download system images of emulators or Android

Virtual Device (AVD) files. These system images allow you to test your app without actually

having an Android device.

It is highly recommended that you acquire at least one Android device for testing, with a

preference of having multiple devices in many form-factors so that you can accurately test,

monitor, and experience your app as your users will.

Visit the following websites to keep up on Android and see when new features are introduced

and how to use them:

■

StackOverflow : http://www.stackoverflow.com/

■

Official Android Developer Site : http://developer.android.com/

■

Android Developers Blog : http://android-developers.blogspot.com/

■

Google Developers on YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/user/androiddevelopers

■

Android Source Code (AOSP) : http://source.android.com/

Book Structure

This book starts with the basics of Android development, including how to set up an

environment. It takes you through the importance of creating a proper development flow and

adding testing to your app to make sure your code performs and behaves the way you expect.

It continues step by step through the various pieces and parts that make up the Android

framework. This includes how applications are structured, using widgets and components, and

learning how to use and create views.

You are then introduced to application design paradigms and learn how to make sure you

are creating an app that you can manage and update easily. This includes adding media and

network connections that will not end up wasting precious battery power and giving users the

most accurate and up-to-date information possible.

Optional hardware components, Android Wear, and Android TV are also covered later in this

book to expose you to taking your app to the next level and exploring new opportunities. As

Android finds itself being included in more devices, you’ll understand how and why it is in

your best interest to provide apps to users who invest in these platforms.

ptg16707593

Acknowledgments

Creating a book is a monumental effort that is never accomplished without the help, effort,

guidance, and diligence of a small band of heroes. I could never have completed this work

without the correction of three of the greatest technical editors in the field today. Massive

thanks, a hat-tip, and cheers go to Romin Irani, Douglas Jones, and Ray Rischpater for each

bringing a personal penchant of perfection to the book and making sure I didn’t stray too far

off the established path.

I also give an enthusiastic thanks to my development editor, Sheri Replin. Sheri has been great

to work with, and she tolerates the brief moments of madness I have where I am certain that

the words I have chosen make complete sentences when they are actually the inane babble

of a caffeine-deprived developer. Also, credit is due to my amazing copy editor, Bart Reed. He

miraculously managed to properly apply a clever and intelligent sheen to my stark ravings,

making the book read as it originally sounded in my head, as well as making it clear to the

reader.

As always, the world-class team at Pearson deserves more thanks than I believe they get.

Specifically, I would like to call out Laura Lewin, Olivia Basegio, Elaine Wiley, Kristy Hart,

Mark Taub, and the entire production staff. The steps that are taken to create these volumes of

technical instruction do not happen overnight, and these fine folks have undergone hours of

meetings, emails, phone calls, and more to make sure that you get the greatest-and-latest book

possible.

I want to thank my family for letting me disappear almost every night and every weekend for

the past year. It has been an epic struggle keeping the book on schedule, working a sometimes

more-than-full-time job, and also making sure that I attend the activities that matter most with

them. I believe that it is all of you who have let me keep a pretty good work-life-book balance.

Finally, I thank you! Thank you for picking up this book and giving it a place on your shelf

(digital or otherwise). With all the amazing people I have had the opportunity to work

with, I believe we have crafted a book that will get you on the best path to creating Android

applications that will be used for years to come.

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Development Tools

The toolset of choice for Android development has changed over the last few years. Once, the

Eclipse IDE was the integrated development environment (IDE) of choice, but we now stand at

the changing of the guard where the now fully support Android Studio is the current weapon

of choice for developers. In this chapter, you learn about Android Studio, how to get the stand-

alone SDK tools, various Android emulators, and version-control systems that are used with

Android development.

Android Studio

Many Android developers have used or have had some experience with the Android

Development Tools (ADT) bundle. This package, provided by the Android team, consisted of

the Android SDK and the Eclipse IDE, which was used to help developers create rich Android

applications on software that many Java developers were already using.

On May 15

, 2013, at the Google I/O developer conference, Android Studio was announced.

This new toolset is composed of several additions aimed at making Android development

easier, faster, and better than the ADT bundle that it replaced. Initially, it was released as a beta

project but is now the officially supported platform from Google for Android development.

Android Studio is based on the JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA platform. This IDE has many new-and-

improved features that the Android team feels better suits the development of Android applica-

tions. Features such as auto-save on every keystroke, the ability to separate the build process

from the application, and smart auto-complete and import help developers create their applica-

tions faster and make them less reliant on complicated workspace setups and less worried about

potential data loss.

Android Studio also comes as an installation instead of a packed file. This allows closer ties to

the operating system on which it is installed, making it easier for developers to install without

having to manually unpack and manage the SDK and IDE on their file system.

The new Gradle build system allows for a much easier build process that gives control back to

developers and makes project collaboration much easier. On the surface, it appeared that any

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