Oracle Solaris 9：第3节库接口与头文件详览

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Oracle Solaris 9 的第 3 部分文档主要涵盖了 "Library Interfaces and Headers"（库接口和头文件）。这部分文档是针对系统管理员、开发人员和技术支持人员的重要参考资料，它详细介绍了在 Oracle Solaris 9 操作系统中使用的各种库函数接口以及与之相关的头文件。这些库接口是系统编程的核心组成部分，它们定义了应用程序与底层操作系统和服务进行交互的方式，包括标准库、系统调用接口和特定于硬件或应用的 API。在这一部分，你可能会找到以下关键知识点： 1. **标准 C 库**：这部分文档详细描述了 C 标准库函数的使用，如内存管理（malloc, free）、文件操作（open, read, write）等，这些都是任何基于 Unix 或 Linux 类似的操作系统上编写程序的基础。 2. **系统调用接口**：Oracle Solaris 提供了一套丰富的系统调用接口，允许用户通过 C 编程语言与内核进行深层次的交互，如进程管理（fork, exec）、I/O 请求、网络通信（socket, ioctl）等。 3. **硬件抽象层 (HAL)**：文档可能涉及如何通过库函数访问和控制硬件设备，比如磁盘、网络接口等，使得应用程序可以在不同的硬件平台上具有良好的兼容性。 4. **特定功能库**：针对特定领域的库，如数据库接口（如 Oracle 数据库的 libsql），安全服务（如 OpenSSL 库）或其他应用相关功能的库，这些都列在了这一章节中。 5. **头文件管理**：文档会列出相关的头文件路径和命名约定，指导开发者如何正确地包含和引用所需的库函数声明，以避免编译时的错误。 6. **版权和许可**：强调了使用这些文档和代码库的条件，包括版权保护、许可协议以及第三方软件的版权归属，确保了合法使用的同时尊重知识产权。 7. **商标信息**：提到了 Sun Microsystems、Solaris、SPARC 等 Sun 的商标和服务标志，这些都是 Sun 在技术产品中的身份标识。 Oracle Solaris 9 的第 3 部分 "Library Interfaces and Headers" 是一个全面指南，涵盖了系统程序员在开发和维护 Solaris 系统时必须了解的关键概念和技术细节。阅读和理解这部分内容对于充分利用 Solaris 系统的潜能至关重要。

compilation system. Specify -lldap on the cc command line to

link with this library. See ldap(3LDAP).

(3NSL) These functions constitute the Network Service Library, libnsl.

This library is implemented as a shared object, libnsl.so, and as

an archive, libnsl.a, but is not automatically linked by the C

compilation system. Specify -lnsl on the cc command line to

link with this library. See libnsl(3LIB).

Many base networking functions are also available in the X/Open

Networking Interfaces library, libxnet. See section (3XNET)

below for more information on the libxnet interfaces.

(3RAC) These functions constitute the remote asynchronous calls library,

librac. This library is implemented as a shared object,

librac.so, and as an archive, librac.a, but is not

automatically linked by the C compilation system. Specify -lrac

on the cc command line to link with this library. See

librac(3LIB).

(3RESOLV) These functions constitute the resolver library, libresolv. This

library is implemented as a shared object, libresolv.so, and as

an archive, libresolv.a, but is not automatically linked by the

C compilation system. Specify -lresolv on the cc command line

to link with this library. See libresolv(3LIB).

(3RPC) These functions constitute the remote procedure call libraries,

librpcsvc and librpcsoc. The latter is provided for

compatibility only; new applications should not link to it. Both

libraries are implemented as shared objects, librpcsvc.so and

librpcsoc.so, respectively, and librpcsvc is implemented as

an archive, librpcsvc.a. Neither library is automatically linked

by the C compilation system. Specify -lrpcsvc or -lrpcsoc on

the cc command line to link with these libraries. See

librpcsvc(3LIB) and librpcsoc(3LIBUCB).

(3SLP) These functions constitute the Service Location Protocol library,

libslp. This library is implemented as a shared object,

libslp.so.1, but it is not automatically linked by the C

compilation system. See libslp(3LIB)

(3SOCKET) These functions constitute the sockets library, libsocket. This

library is implemented as a shared object, libsocket.so, and as

an archive, libsocket.a, but is not automatically linked by the

C compilation system. Specify -lsocket on the cc command line

to link with this library. See libsocket(3LIB).

(3XFN) These functions constitute the X/Open Federated Naming library,

libxfn. This library is implemented as a shared object,

libxfn.so, but is not automatically linked by the C compilation

Intro(3)

16 man pages section 3: Library Interfaces and Headers • Last Revised 16 Oct 2003

system. Specify -lxfn on the cc command line to link with this

library. See libxfn(3LIB), xfn(3XFN), fns(5), and standards(5).

(3XNET) These functions constitute X/Open networking interfaces which

comply with the X/Open CAE Speciﬁcation, Networking Services,

Issue 4 (September, 1994). This library is implemented as a shared

object, libxnet.so, but is not automatically linked by the C

compilation system. Specify -lxnet on the cc command line to

link with this library. See libxnet(3LIB) and standards(5) for

compilation information.

Under all circumstances, the use of the Sockets API is recommended over the XTI and

TLI APIs. If portability to other XPGV4v2 (see standards(5)) systems is a

requirement, the application must use the libxnet interfaces. If portability is not

required, the sockets interfaces in libsocket and libnsl are recommended over

those in libxnet. Between the XTI and TLI APIs, the XTI interfaces (available with

libxnet) are recommended over the TLI interfaces (available with libnsl).

The functions described in this volume comprise the libraries that provide graphics

and character screen updating capabilities.

(3CURSES) The functions constitute the following libraries:

libcurses These functions constitute the curses library,

libcurses. This library is implemented as a

shared object, libcurses.so, and as an

archive, libcurses.a, but is not

automatically linked by the C compilation

system. Specify -lcurses on the cc

command line to link with this library. See

libcurses(3LIB).

libform These functions constitute the forms library,

libform. This library is implemented as a

shared object, libform.so, and as an archive,

libforms.a, but is not automatically linked

by the C compilation system. Specify -lform

on the cc command line to link with this

library. See libform(3LIB).

libmenu These functions constitute the menus library,

libmenu. This library is implemented as a

shared object, libmenu.so, and as an archive,

libmenu.a, but is not automatically linked by

the C compilation system. Specify -lmenu on

the cc command line to link with this library.

See libmenu(3LIB).

libpanel These functions constitute the panels library,

libpanel. This library is implemented as a

Intro(3)

Curses Library

Functions

Introduction 17

shared object, libpanel.so, and as an

archive, libpanel.a, but is not automatically

linked by the C compilation system. Specify

-lpanel on the cc command line to link with

this library. See libpanel(3LIB).

(3PLOT) These functions constitute the grapnics library, libplot. This

library is implemented as a shared object, libplot.so, and as an

archive, libplot.a, but is not automatically linked by the C

compilation system. Specify -lplot on the cc command line to

link with this library. See libplot(3LIB).

(3XCURSES) These functions constitute the X/Open Curses library, located in

/usr/xpg4/lib/libcurses.so.1. This library provides a set

of internationalized functions and macros for creating and

modifying input and output to a terminal screen. Included in this

library are functions for creating windows, highlighting text,

writing to the screen, reading from user input, and moving the

cursor. X/Open Curses is designed to optimize screen update

activities. The X/Open Curses library conforms fully with Issue 4

of the X/Open Extended Curses speciﬁcation.

The functions described in this volume constitute the threads and realtime libraries.

(3AIO) These functions constitute the asynchronous I/O library, liaio.

This library is implemented as a shared object, libaio.so, but is

not automatically linked by the C compilation system. Specify

-laio on the cc command line to link with this library. See

libaio(3LIB).

(3DOOR) These functions constitute the doors library, libdoor. This library

is implemented as a shared object, libdoor.so, but is not

automatically linked by the C compilation system. Specify -ldoor

on the cc command line to link with this library.

(3RT) These functions constitute the POSIX.4 Realtime library, librt.It

is implemented as a shared object, librt.so, but is not

automatically linked by the C compilation system. Specify -lrt

on the cc command line to link with this library. Note that the

former name for this library, libposix4, is maintained for

backward compatibility but should be avoided. See librt(3LIB).

(3SCHED) These functions constitute the LWP scheduling library, libsched.

This library is implemented as a shared object, libsched.so, but

is not automatically linked by the C compilation system. Specify

-lsched on the cc command line to link with this library. .

(3THR) These functions constitute the threads libraries, libpthread,

libthread, and libthread_db. The libpthread and

libthread libraries are used for building multithreaded

Intro(3)

Threads and

Realtime Library

Functions

18 man pages section 3: Library Interfaces and Headers • Last Revised 16 Oct 2003

applications: libpthread implements the POSIX (see

standards(5)) threads interface, whereas libthread

implements the Solaris threads interface. The libthread_db

library is useful for building debuggers for multithreaded

applications.

Both POSIX threads and Solaris threads can be used within the

same application. Their implementations are completely

compatible with each other; however, only POSIX threads

guarantee portability to other POSIX-conforming environments.

When POSIX and Solaris threads are used in the same application,

if there are calls with the same name but different semantics, the

POSIX semantic supersedes the Solaris threads semantic. For

example, the call to fork() will imply the fork1() semantic in a

program linked with the POSIX threads library, whether or not it is

also linked with -lthread (Solaris threads).

The libpthread, libthread, and libthread_db libraries are

implemented as shared objects, libpthread.so,

libthread_db.so, and libthread.so, respectively. These

libraries are not automatically linked by the C compilation system.

Specify -lpthread, -lthread,or-lthread_db on the cc

command line to link with these libraries. See libpthread(3LIB),

libthread(3LIB), and libthread_db(3LIB).

The functions described in this volume comprise various specialized libraries that are

not limited to the following:

(3BSM) These functions constitute the basic security library, libbsm. This

library is implemented as a shared object, libbsm.so, and as an

archive, libbsm.a, but is not automatically linked by the C

compilation system. Specify -lbsm on the cc command line to

link with this library. See libbsm(3LIB).

(3CFGADM) These functions constitute the conﬁguration administration library,

libcfgadm. This library is implemented as a shared object,

libcfgadm.so, but is not automatically linked by the C

compilation system. Specify -lcfgadm on the cc command line to

link with this library. See libcfgadm(3LIB).

(3CPC) These functions constitute the CPU performance counter library,

libcpc, and the process context library, libpctx. These libraries

are implemented as shared objects, libcpc.so and libpctx.so,

respectively, but are not automatically linked by the C compilation

system. Specify -lcpc or -lpctx on the cc command line to link

with these libraries. See libcpc(3LIB) and libpctx(3LIB).

(3DEVID) These functions constitute the device ID library, libdevid. This

library is implemented as a shared object, libdevid.so, but is

Intro(3)

Extended Library

Functions

Introduction 19

not automatically linked by the C compilation system. Specify

-ldevid on the cc command line to link with this library. See

libdevid(3LIB).

(3DEVINFO) These functions constitute the device information library,

libdevinfo. This library is implemented as a shared object,

libdevinfo.so, but is not automatically linked by the C

compilation system. Specify -ldevinfo on the cc command line

to link with this library. See libdevinfo(3LIB).

(3DMI) These functions constitute the DMI libraries, libdmi, libdmici,

and libdmimi. These libraries are implemented as shared objects,

libdmi.so, libdmici.so, and libdmimi.so, respectively, but

are not automatically linked by the C compilation system. Specify

-ldmi, -ldmici,or-ldmimi on the cc command line to link

with these libraries. See libdmi(3LIB), libdmici(3LIB), and

libdmimi(3LIB).

(3ELF) These functions constitute the ELF access library, libelf,

(Extensible Linking Format). This library provides the interface for

the creation and analyses of “elf”ﬁles; executables, objects, and

shared objects. libelf is implemented as a shared object,

libelf.so, and as an archive, libelf.a, but is not

automatically linked by the C compilation system. Specify -lelf

on the cc command line to link with this library. See

libelf(3LIB).

(3EXACCT) These functions constitute the extended accounting access library,

libexacct, and the project database access library, libproject.

These libraries are implemented as shared objects, libexacct.so

and libproject.so, respectively, but are not automatically

linked by the C compilation system. Specify -lexacct or

-lproject on the cc command line to link with these libraries.

See libexacct(3LIB) and libproject(3LIB).

(3GEN) These functions constitute the string pattern-matching and

pathname manipulation library, libgen. This library is

implemented as a shared object, libgen.so, and as an archive,

libgen.a, but is not automatically linked by the C compilation

system. Specify -lgen on the cc command line to link with this

library. See libgen(3LIB).

(3KSTAT) These functions constitute the kernel statistics library, which is

implemented as a shared object, libkstat.so, and as an archive,

libkstat.a, but is not automatically linked by the C compilation

system. Specify -lkstat on the cc command line to link with this

library. See libkstat(3LIB).

(3KVM) These functions allow access to the kernel’s virtual memory

library, which is implemented as a shared object, libkvm.so, and

Intro(3)

20 man pages section 3: Library Interfaces and Headers • Last Revised 16 Oct 2003

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