IEEE 802.1AS-2020: 时间敏感应用的网络同步标准

gPTP

时间同步

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"IEEE Std 802.1AS-2020是关于局域网和城域网中时间敏感应用的时间同步的标准。这个标准由IEEE计算机学会的局域网/城域网标准委员会开发，旨在为需要精确时间同步的网络应用提供指导。" IEEE Std 802.1AS是一个关键的网络协议，全称为“IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks — Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications”。这个标准在2020年进行了修订，更新自2011年的版本（IEEE Std 802.1AS-2011）。它主要关注的是在局部和城域网环境中，如何实现对时间敏感的应用进行高效、精确的时间同步。 gPTP，或通用精确时间协议（Generalized Precision Time Protocol），是IEEE Std 802.1AS的核心部分。gPTP是一种用于网络设备之间同步时间的协议，特别适用于需要毫秒甚至微秒级精度的实时通信应用，如音频、视频流传输、工业自动化和电力系统中的同步操作等。gPTP扩展了传统的PTP（Precision Time Protocol），以适应更广泛的网络环境，包括局域网和城域网。该标准详细规定了网络设备如何通过交换时间戳和其他相关信息来确定并维持精确的时间。它涵盖了时钟模型、时间戳处理、时钟质量评估、消息传输以及在网络中传播和校正时间偏差的方法。此外，IEEE Std 802.1AS还考虑了网络拓扑的变化、延迟和不一致性，以确保即使在网络条件不稳定的情况下也能保持高精度的时间同步。批准于2020年1月30日，这个标准由IEEE-SA（IEEE标准协会）发布，其目的是确保所有符合标准的设备能在一个统一的框架下协同工作，提高时间敏感应用的性能和可靠性。该标准的使用者必须遵守相关的授权许可条款，例如从IEEE Xplore下载的限制。 IEEE Std 802.1AS-2020是现代网络基础设施中不可或缺的一部分，尤其对于那些依赖精确时间同步的实时应用来说，它提供了标准化的解决方案，有助于提升服务质量、降低错误率并增强系统的整体稳定性。

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List of tables

Table 6-1—Primitive data types ................................................................................................................... 31

Table 8-1—Default values for priority1, for the respective media............................................................... 55

Table 8-2—TimeSource enumeration .......................................................................................................... 57

Table 10-1—Summary of scope of global variables used by time synchronization state machines 

(see 10.2.4 and 10.2.5).................................................................................................................................. 76

Table 10-2—PTP Port state definitions ........................................................................................................ 98

Table 10-3—Summary of scope of global variables used by best master clock selection, external port

configuration, and announce interval setting state machines (see 10.3.9 and 10.3.10) .............................. 107

Table 10-4—Destination address for Announce and Signaling messages ................................................. 142

Table 10-5—EtherType for Announce and Signaling messages................................................................ 142

Table 10-6—Propagate TLVs of IEEE Std 1588-2019 .............................................................................. 144

Table 10-7—PTP message header.............................................................................................................. 144

Table 10-8—Values for messageType field ............................................................................................... 145

Table 10-9—Values of flag bits.................................................................................................................. 146

Table 10-10—messageTypeSpecific semantics ......................................................................................... 147

Table 10-11—Announce message fields .................................................................................................... 148

Table 10-12—Path trace TLV .................................................................................................................... 149

Table 10-13—Signaling message fields ..................................................................................................... 150

Table 10-14—Message interval request TLV ............................................................................................ 151

Table 10-15—Interpretation of special values of logLinkDelayInterval.................................................... 152

Table 10-16—Interpretation of special values of logTimeSyncInterval .................................................... 152

Table 10-17—Interpretation of special values of logAnnounceInterval .................................................... 153

Table 10-18—Definitions of bits of flags field of message interval request TLV ..................................... 153

Table 10-19—gPTP-capable TLV.............................................................................................................. 154

Table 10-20—gPTP-capable message interval request TLV...................................................................... 155

Table 10-21—Interpretation of special values of logGptpCapableMessageInterval.................................. 156

Table 11-1—Value of meanLinkDelayThresh for various links ................................................................ 169

Table 11-2 —Summary of scope of global variables used by 

time synchronization state machines (see 10.2.4 and 10.2.5)..................................................................... 171

Table 11-3—Destination address for Sync, Follow_Up, Pdelay_Req, Pdelay_Resp, and

Pdelay_Resp_Follow_Up messages ........................................................................................................... 196

Table 11-4—EtherType for Sync, Follow_Up, Pdelay_Req, Pdelay_Resp, and 

Pdelay_Resp_Follow_Up messages ........................................................................................................... 196

Table 11-5—Values for messageType field ............................................................................................... 198

Table 11-6—Value of correctionField........................................................................................................ 199

Table 11-7—References for sequenceId value exceptions......................................................................... 199

Table 11-8—Sync message fields if twoStep flag is TRUE....................................................................... 200

Table 11-9—Sync message fields if twoStep flag is FALSE ..................................................................... 200

Table 11-10—Follow_Up message fields .................................................................................................. 201

Table 11-11—Follow_Up information TLV .............................................................................................. 202

Table 11-12—Pdelay_Req message fields ................................................................................................. 203

Table 11-13—Pdelay_Resp message fields.........................................................................................

....... 204

Table 11-14—Pdelay_Resp_Follow_Up message fields ........................................................................... 204

Table 12-1—Values of bits of tmFtmSupport ............................................................................................ 214

Table 12-2—FTM parameters relevant to time-synchronization transport ................................................ 227

Table 12-3—Values of Burst Duration and Min Delta FTM, for each value of currentLogSyncInterval . 228

Table 12-4—Values of the Type field in the VendorSpecific information element................................... 228

Table 13-1—TIMESYNC message fields .................................................................................................. 235

Table 14-1—defaultDS table ...................................................................................................................... 251

Table 14-2—currentDS table...................................................................................................................... 253

Table 14-3—parentDS table ....................................................................................................................... 255

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Table 14-4—timePropertiesDS table.......................................................................................................... 256

Table 14-5—pathTraceDS table ................................................................................................................. 257

Table 14-6—acceptableMasterTableDS table ............................................................................................ 258

Table 14-7—portState enumeration............................................................................................................ 258

Table 14-8—delayMechanism enumeration............................................................................................... 259

Table 14-9—Description of pdelayTruncatedTimestampsArray ............................................................... 266

Table 14-10—portDS table......................................................................................................................... 267

Table 14-11—descriptionPortDS table....................................................................................................... 269

Table 14-12—portStatisticsDS table .......................................................................................................... 272

Table 14-13—acceptableMasterPortDS table ............................................................................................ 273

Table 14-14—externalPortConfigurationPortDS table .............................................................................. 274

Table 14-15—asymmetryMeasurementModeDS table .............................................................................. 274

Table 14-16—commonServicesPortDS table ............................................................................................. 275

Table 14-17—cmldsDefaultDS table.......................................................................................................... 276

Table 14-18—cmldsLinkPortDS table ....................................................................................................... 280

Table 14-19—cmldsLinkPortStatisticsDS table ......................................................................................... 282

Table 14-20—cmldsAsymmetryMeasurementModeDS table.................................................................... 283

Table 15-1—IEEE8021-AS-V2 MIB structure and object cross reference................................................ 285

Table 16-1—CSN TLV .............................................................................................................................. 375

Table 16-2—Definitions and option selections per link technology .......................................................... 377

Table B-1—Wander generation TDEV requirement for LocalClock entity .............................................. 399

Table B-2—ADEV limit corresponding to wander generation requirement of Table B-1 ........................ 400

Table B-3—PTPDEV limit corresponding to wander generation requirement of Table B-1 .................... 401

Table B-4—Maximum endpoint filter bandwidths needed to meet respective MTIE masks and 

peak-to-peak jitter limits............................................................................................................................. 403

Table B-5—Breakpoints for Mask 1 .......................................................................................................... 404

Table B-6—Breakpoints for Mask 2 .......................................................................................................... 404

Table C-1—Timescale parameters ............................................................................................................. 405

Table C-2—Timescale conversions............................................................................................................ 408

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IEEE Std 802.1AS-2020

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks

Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications

2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard (i.e., they must be

understood and used; therefore, each referenced document is cited in text, and its relationship to this

document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the

latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.

IEEE Std 754™-2008, IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic.

2, 3

IEEE Std 802®-2014, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Overview and

Architecture.

IEEE Std 802c™-2017, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Overview and

Architecture—Amendment 2: Local Medium Access Control (MAC) Address Usage.

IEEE Std 802.1AC™-2016, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—Media Access

Control (MAC) Service Definition.

IEEE Std 802.1AX™-2014, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—Link Aggregation.

IEEE Std 802.1Q™-2018, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Bridges and Bridged

Networks.

IEEE Std 802.3™-2018, IEEE Standard for Ethernet.

IEEE Std 802.11™-2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology—Telecommunications and

information exchange between systems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements,

Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications.

IEEE Std 1588™-2019, IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked

Measurement and Control Systems.

IERS Bulletin C (see https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Publications/Bulletins/bulletins.html).

IETF RFC 2863 (June 2000), The Interfaces Group MIB, K. McCloghrie and F. Kastenholz.

IETF RFC 3410 (Dec. 2002), Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet Standard Management

Framework, J. Case, R. Mundy, D. Partain, and B. Stewart.

IETF RFC 3418 (Dec. 2002), Management Information Base (MIB) for the Simple Network Management

Protocol (SNMP), R. Presuhn, ed.

ISO 80000-3:2006, Quantities and units — Part 3: Space and time.

IEEE publications are available from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (https://standards.ieee.org).

The IEEE standards or products referenced in this clause are trademarks owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers, Incorporated.

IETF Requests for Comments (RFCs) are available from the Internet Engineering Task Force (https://www.rfc-editor.org).

ISO publications are available from the International Organization for Standardization (https://www.iso.org) and the American

National Standards Institute (https://www.ansi.org).

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