CHAPTER 1: Introduction
9
When it comes to testing GUI we have a few frameworks that we can
choose from: we can use the Android JUnit3 framework, Google’s Espresso,
UIAutomator, Robotium, or some Cucumber-type Android framework such
as Calabash. In this book we’ll use Google’s Espresso as it’s quick and easy
to set up and it also has support for Gradle and Android Studio. But your
author has used the other frameworks in the past and they all have their
benefits.
Espresso has three components: ViewMatchers, ViewActions, and
ViewAssertions. ViewMatchers are used to find a view, ViewActions allow
you to do something with a view, and ViewAssertions are similar to unit
test assertions—they let you assert that the value in the view is what you’d
expect or not.
Listing 1-4 shows a simple example of an Espresso GUI test. We’re adding
two numbers again, but this time we’re doing it by interacting with the GUI,
not calling the underlying method.
Listing 1-4. Adding Two Numbers Using Espresso
public void testCalculatorAdd() {
onView(withId(R.id.operand_one_edit_text)).perform(typeText(THREE));
onView(withId(R.id.operand_two_edit_text)).perform(typeText(FOUR));
onView(withId(R.id.operation_add_btn)).perform(click());
onView(withId(R.id.operation_result_text_view)).check(matches(withText
(RESULT)));
}
In this example withId(R.id.operand_one_edit_text) is one of the
ViewMatchers in the code and perform(typeText(THREE) is a ViewAction.
Finally check(matches(withText(RESULT)) is the ViewAssertion.
Create Hello, World GUI Test
This time we show how to create our simple GUI test example in Android
Studio. As with the unit test, this one should return true assuming that
adding two numbers in the calculator Android app works correctly.
To set up and run a GUI test you need to perform the following tasks:
Prerequisites: install the Android Support Repository
Put the test classes in the src/androidTest/java folders
Add Espresso dependency in build.gradle (app) file
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