IBM Enterprise COBOL for z/OS v4.1语言参考

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"COBOL for z/OS Language Reference v4.1" COBOL（Common Business Oriented Language）是一种广泛用于商业应用编程的高级编程语言，尤其在大型机环境中如z/OS系统上非常常见。《COBOL for z/OS Language Reference v4.1》是IBM提供的一份详细的技术文档，主要针对IBM Enterprise COBOL for z/OS的第4版第1个发布版本（program number 5655-S71）。这本书籍详细介绍了该版本的COBOL语言特性、语法以及使用方法。本书的重要性和价值在于它不仅是一份语言参考，还涵盖了COBOL编程的基础知识，包括程序结构、数据类型、控制流、输入/输出操作等核心概念。此外，还特别关注了与z/OS操作系统集成的特定功能，比如处理主机文件系统、JCL（Job Control Language）集成、CICS（Customer Information Control System）和DB2数据库的交互等。在COBOL的语法部分，读者可以了解到COBOL的编译器指令、程序组织块（如IDENTIFICATION DIVISION、ENVIRONMENT DIVISION、DATA DIVISION、PROCEDURE DIVISION等）、条件语句（如IF-THEN-ELSE）、循环结构（如PERFORM）、子程序（SUBROUTINE）的使用，以及如何进行错误处理和调试。对于数据处理，COBOL提供了丰富的数据描述符，如COMP-3（packed decimal）和COMP-5（binary decimal）用于数值处理，以及各种字符和字符串操作。在输入/输出方面，COBOL的FILE SECTION和IO-STATEMENT使得与各种数据源的交互变得简单。在与z/OS集成的部分，文档会讲解如何编写和调试JCL以运行COBOL程序，以及如何利用CICS进行事务处理。CICS是IBM的交易处理监控系统，对于大型企业应用至关重要。同时，通过DB2的接口，COBOL程序员能够直接访问和操作数据库，进行数据查询和更新。此外，书中还包含了对IBM Enterprise COBOL for z/OS的版本更新和修正信息，帮助开发者了解新版本带来的改进和兼容性问题。最后，文档提供了技术支持和订购信息，方便用户获取最新的产品资料和求助。《COBOL for z/OS Language Reference v4.1》是COBOL开发者在z/OS环境下进行开发、维护和优化程序的重要参考资料，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的程序员，都能从中受益。通过深入学习和实践，开发者可以掌握COBOL的强大功能，并有效地利用z/OS系统的资源。

These guides describe how to use TSO/E and ISPF, including the use of keyboard

shortcuts or function keys (PF keys). Each guide includes the default settings for

the PF keys and explains how to modify their functions.

Accessibility of this document

The English-language XHTML format of this document that will be provided in

the IBM System z

™

Enterprise Development Tools & Compilers Information Center

at http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pdthelp/index.jsp is accessible to

visually impaired individuals who use a screen reader.

To enable your screen reader to accurately read syntax diagrams, source code

examples, and text that contains the period or comma picture symbols, you must

set the screen reader to speak all punctuation.

How to read the syntax diagrams

Use the following description to read the syntax diagrams in this document:

v Read the syntax diagrams from left to right, from top to bottom, following the

path of the line.

The >>--- symbol indicates the beginning of a syntax diagram.

The ---> symbol indicates that the syntax diagram is continued on the next line.

The >--- symbol indicates that the syntax diagram is continued from the

previous line.

The --->< symbol indicates the end of a syntax diagram.

Diagrams of syntactical units other than complete statements start with the >---

symbol and end with the ---> symbol.

v Required items appear on the horizontal line (the main path).

Format

 STATEMENT required item 

v Optional items appear below the main path.

Format

 STATEMENT

optional item



v When you can choose from two or more items, they appear vertically, in a stack.

If you must choose one of the items, one item of the stack appears on the main

path.

xiv Enterprise COBOL for z/OS V4.1 Language Reference

IBM extensions

IBM extensions generally add features, syntax, or rules that are not specified in the

ANSI and ISO COBOL standards that are listed in Appendix G, “Industry

specifications,” on page 613. In this document, the term Standard COBOL 85 refers

to those standards.

Extensions range from minor relaxation of rules to major capabilities, such as XML

support, Unicode support, object-oriented COBOL for Java

™

interoperability, and

DBCS character handling.

The rest of this document describes the complete language without identifying

extensions. You will need to review Appendix A, “IBM extensions,” on page 569

and the compiler options that are described in the Enterprise COBOL Programming

Guide if you want to use only standard language elements.

Obsolete language elements

Obsolete language elements are elements that are categorized as obsolete in

Standard COBOL 85. Those elements are not part of Standard COBOL 2002.

This does not imply that IBM will remove Standard COBOL 85 obsolete elements

from a future release of Enterprise COBOL.

The following are language elements that Standard COBOL 85 categorized as

obsolete:

v ALTER statement

v AUTHOR paragraph

v Comment entry

v DATA RECORDS clause

v DATE-COMPILED paragraph

v DATE-WRITTEN paragraph

v DEBUG-ITEM special register

v Debugging sections

v ENTER statement

v GO TO without a specified procedure-name

v INSTALLATION paragraph

v LABEL RECORDS clause

v MEMORY SIZE clause

v MULTIPLE FILE TAPE clause

v RERUN clause

v REVERSED phrase

v SECURITY paragraph

v Segmentation module

v STOP literal format of the STOP statement

v USE FOR DEBUGGING declarative

v VALUE OF clause

v The figurative constant ALL literal with a length greater than one, when the

figurative constant is associated with a numeric or numeric-edited item

Preface xvii

DBCS notation

Double-Byte Character Set (DBCS) strings in literals, comments, and user-defined

words are delimited by shift-out and shift-in characters. In this document, the

shift-out delimiter is represented pictorially by the < character, and the shift-in

character is represented pictorially by the > character. The single-byte EBCDIC

codes for the shift-out and shift-in delimiters are X’0E’ and X’0F’, respectively.

The <> symbol denotes contiguous shift-out and shift-in characters. The >< symbol

denotes contiguous shift-in and shift-out characters.

DBCS characters are shown in this form: D1D2D3. Latin alphabet characters in

DBCS representation are shown in this form: .A.B.C. The dots that precede the

letters represent the hexadecimal value X’42’.

Notes

v In EBCDIC DBCS data containing mixed single-byte and double-byte characters,

double-byte character strings are delimited by shift-out and shift-in characters.

v In ASCII DBCS data containing mixed single-byte and double-byte characters,

double-byte character strings are not delimited by shift-out and shift-in

characters.

Acknowledgment

The following extract from Government Printing Office Form Number

1965-0795689 is presented for the information and guidance of the user:

Any organization interested in reproducing the COBOL report and

specifications in whole or in part, using ideas taken from this report as the

basis for an instruction manual or for any other purpose is free to do so.

However, all such organizations are requested to reproduce this section as

part of the introduction to the document. Those using a short passage, as in a

book review, are requested to mention COBOL in acknowledgment of the

source, but need not quote this entire section.

COBOL is an industry language and is not the property of any company or

group of companies, or of any organization or group of organizations.

No warranty, expressed or implied, is made by any contributor or by the

COBOL Committee as to the accuracy and functioning of the programming

system and language. Moreover, no responsibility is assumed by any

contributor, or by the committee, in connection there with.

Procedures have been established for the maintenance of COBOL. Inquiries

concerning the procedures for proposing changes should be directed to the

Executive Committee of the Conference on Data Systems Languages.

The authors and copyright holders of copyrighted material:

v FLOW-MATIC (Trademark of Sperry Rand Corporation), Programming for

the UNIVAC(R) I and II, Data Automation Systems copyrighted 1958, 1959,

by Sperry Rand Corporation

v IBM Commercial Translator, Form No. F28-8013, copyrighted 1959 by IBM

v FACT, DSI 27A5260-2760, copyrighted 1960 by Minneapolis-Honeywell

xviii Enterprise COBOL for z/OS V4.1 Language Reference

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