利用Silverlight 5创建动态网页与应用动画

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"Instant Silverlight 5 Animation" "Instant Silverlight 5 Animation" 是一本专注于微软Silverlight技术中动画效果实现的书籍，旨在帮助开发者和设计师丰富网页或Silverlight商业应用的动态表现。由作者Nick Polyak撰写，这本书由Birmingham-Mumbai的Packt Publishing出版。 Silverlight是微软推出的一种用于构建富媒体Web应用程序的技术，特别适用于创建互动式用户界面和多媒体内容。Silverlight 5是其一个重要的版本，提供了更多的功能和改进，包括对动画的增强支持。本书将深入探讨如何利用这些特性来制作引人入胜的视觉效果。在书中，读者可以期待学习到以下关键知识点： 1. **基础动画概念**：了解Silverlight中的基本动画原理，如补间动画、关键帧动画以及故事板（Storyboard）的概念，这些都是创建连续平滑运动的基础。 2. **Timeline和AnimationClock**：掌握如何使用Timeline控制动画的时间线，以及如何通过AnimationClock监控和操纵动画的运行状态。 3. **动画目标和属性**：学习如何为目标对象和特定属性设置动画，包括改变颜色、大小、位置、透明度等多种视觉属性。 4. **触发器和事件**：探索如何使用触发器（Triggers）响应用户交互或其他事件，自动启动或控制动画。 5. **深度动画和3D效果**：了解如何通过Silverlight 5引入的3D支持创建深度感和空间感的动画效果。 6. **自定义动画**：学习如何创建自定义动画类，以满足特定项目需求，提供更复杂的动画逻辑。 7. **性能优化**：理解如何优化动画性能，减少CPU占用，确保流畅的用户体验。 8. **集成与部署**：学习如何将动画集成到实际项目中，并进行有效的部署和测试。 9. **最佳实践和案例研究**：书中可能包含实际项目案例，展示了如何在不同场景下应用Silverlight动画的最佳实践。尽管这本书的出版时间是在2013年，当时Silverlight技术在某些领域仍具有广泛的应用，特别是在企业级应用和Windows Phone开发中。然而，需要注意的是，随着Web技术的发展，Silverlight的流行度逐渐被HTML5等现代Web标准所取代。因此，在使用这本书学习时，应结合当前的技术趋势和市场需求来评估其适用性。

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Building Blocks of Animation

This chapter describes Silverlight/WPF concepts needed for creating animations,

namely dependency and attached properties, bindings, transforms, and storyboards.

We assume that the reader is already familiar with most of the concepts within this

section and uses it simply as a refresher, as well as a way to jump-start the samples

for the rest of the application.

In this chapter we will look at:

• Dependency properties: These are a special type of properties that can be

animated using the storyboards in Silverlight.

• Attached properties: These are very similar to dependency properties except

that they do not have to be dened in a class that uses them.

• Bindings: These bind two properties together so that when one changes the

other does as well.

• Transforms: These are used to modify the visual elements. Transforms are

often used for animations.

• Storyboards: These are objects that encapsulate information about

animations including what properties are animated and how.

Spinning control sample

We will start developing a simple control sample and gradually expand it to

demonstrate all the required concepts.

The resulting sample application is located under CODE\SpinningControlSample\

SpinningControlSample.sln, but we recommend that you build this sample from

scratch, based on the instructions within this chapter.

Building Blocks of Animation

[ 8 ]

The goal of this sample is to develop a lookless control that has a RotationAngle

dependency property and later to provide a view for this control (for example,

as a rectangle), and to animate the RotationAngle so that the rectangle would be

seen as rotating.

Lookless controls are controls that do not contain any visual implementation details.

Such controls need a ControlTemplate in order to display them. This provides

a great advantage to developers/designers because it separates the control's

implementation details from its presentation.

Firstly, let's create a Silverlight Application project called SpinningControlSample.

Follow the instructions in Appendix A, Creating and Starting a Silverlight Project,

to create a browser-based, empty Silverlight solution. As mentioned in Appendix

A, the solution will actually contain two projects, SpinningControlSample and

SpinningControlSample.Web. The project with the .Web extension is just an ASP

project to embed the Silverlight page. We are not going to concentrate on it. The real

project of interest to us is SpinningControlSample.

Within the SpinningControlSample project, we create a new empty C# class,

SpinningControl.

Make the SpinningControl class inherit from the Control class as shown in

the following code snippet:

public class SpinningControl : Control

{

}

We are going to populate this class to provide the functionality that is

previously described.

Dening a dependency property in

C# code

Dependency properties (DPs) are a special type of properties introduced in WPF

and Silverlight. Just like the usual .NET properties, they describe a property of a

.NET object. Unlike the usual .NET properties, their storage does not take space

within the class that uses them. Rather, they are stored in some static collections,

indexed, and accessed by the corresponding objects.

Silverlight and WPF provide natural ways to animate the dependency properties

using Storyboard objects (which are described later in the chapter).

Chapter 1

[ 9 ]

Silverlight and WPF also have natural mechanisms to bind two dependency

properties together (or a usual property to a dependency property) so that changing

one of them will trigger the other to change.

Now let's dene the RotationAngle dependency property of a type double within

this class. Put the cursor between the curly brackets dening the body of the class

and type propdp followed by a tab keystroke. Follow the instructions in Appendix

D, Using Snippets, to set up the name, type, and default value of the property.

public class SpinningControl : Control

{

#region RotationAngle Dependency Property

// Dependency Properties' getter and setter for accessing the

//DP as

// if it is a usual property

public double RotationAngle

{

get { return (double)GetValue(RotationAngleProperty); }

set { SetValue(RotationAngleProperty, value); }

}

// static field for storing and accessing the DPs by object

//reference

public static readonly DependencyProperty

RotationAngleProperty = DependencyProperty.Register

(

"RotationAngle", // DP name

typeof(double), // DP type

typeof(SpinningControl), // Class defining the DP

new PropertyMetadata(0.0) // DP's default value

);

#endregion RotationAngle Dependency Property

}

You might have noticed that the RotationAngle property within the

SpinningControl class does not refer to any object eld. Rather, it uses GetValue

and SetValue methods inherited from DependencyObject to get and set the

dependency objects correspondingly. The eld values themselves are stored

within the RotationAngleProperty static class member, and individual objects

of the class SpinningControl get their RotationAngle property values from this

static eld via their object reference (using the functionality embedded within the

DependencyObject class).

Building Blocks of Animation

[ 10 ]

This is one of the advantages of using the dependency properties – the

SpinningControl object that does not set the property does not need any extra

space for this property; it gets the default from the static RotationAngleProperty

structure dened once for all the objects of the same class. Take a look at the

following section within DP's denition:

public double RotationAngle

{

get { return (double)GetValue(RotationAngleProperty); }

set { SetValue(RotationAngleProperty, value); }

}

It provides a way to access the dependency property as a usual .NET property.

Many .NET calls to the DP, however, are not using these get and set accessors;

instead such calls use the DependencyObject class GetValue() and SetValue()

methods directly. Because of this, you should not add any code to these property

accessors – such a code simply won't be executed in many cases.

This is all we need to dene a lookless control – just a class extending Control and

containing some non-visual properties (usually DPs), functions, and events. Such a

control is called lookless because it does not dene any visual presentation for itself.

Visual presentation of a lookless control is dened by a control template, which

is usually represented by XAML code residing in some XAML resource le. The

advantage of lookless controls lies in the fact that you do not have to change the

control itself in order to achieve various different visual representations. All you

need to do is to change the template. Since it is the control itself and not its template

that is responsible for interacting with the rest of the application, by changing the

templates one can completely change the visual presentation of the application

without affecting any underlying logic. More on lookless controls can be found at

http://tinyurl.com/lookless.

For most of the samples within this book, I am using lookless controls since this

is the best practice, even though it is not related to the subject of animations.

Dening visual presentation for spinning

control

Now we are going to add code to MainPage.xaml to display a SpinningControl

object. When you open the MainPage.xaml le, you will see the following XAML

code created for you by Visual Studio:

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