渐进式学习：轻松掌握最强文本编辑器Vim

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"Painless Vim" 是一本由专业开发者Nate Dickson撰写的书籍，针对那些多次尝试学习但效果不明显的人设计，特别是那些想要掌握世界上最强大编辑器Vim的新手。作者深知学习新工具时面临的挑战，他自己在反复尝试过程中也曾陷入困境。书中认识到，读者是忙碌且智能的专业人士，既要完成实际工作，又要在学习新编辑器的过程中保持效率。这本书的独特之处在于它以实用主义为指导，不强迫读者立即放弃鼠标或抛弃已熟悉的键盘快捷键。它采取渐进式教学方法，首先介绍常用的20%功能，让读者能快速上手。随着对Vim的熟悉程度加深，再引导他们探索更深层次的80%功能。《Painless Vim》的目标是让学习过程轻松、简短且经济，避免冗长的篇幅和高昂的成本，帮助读者在享受过程中逐步掌握Vim。作为一本Leanpub出版的书籍，作者利用迭代过程获取读者反馈，不断优化内容，确保提供最适合读者需求的产品。书中包含引言、为什么要学习Vim的理由、书的内容结构、书不涉及的部分以及作者的自我介绍，还附有参考文献和示例文档，以及一个传统的“公约”部分，可能是关于如何有效使用Vim的一些基本规则或约定。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅会了解到Vim的强大功能，还能找到一种适合自己的学习路径，最终发现使用Vim的乐趣，并认为学习过程其实并不痛苦。如果你正在考虑学习Vim，这本书将是一个明智的选择，因为它注重实际应用和用户体验，让你在工作中高效地提升生产力。

1. Get In, Get Out, Get Comfortable

Okay, you’ve gotten through the introduction. Good for you. I’d like to say that the style will settle

down at this point, but I can’t promise that.

Here’s where we get started on the real meat of learning vim. We’re going to start simple: open the

editor. For now I’d recommend doing things from the command line, not because I have some big

problem with GUI’s, but because the graphical versions of vim tend to make little changes that can

get in the way of the things we’re trying to do here. So, open a Terminal

and enter the following:

1 $ vim

I have been here before. I don’t like it.

There! That’s not so scary, is it? Just a bunch of tildes and some version information! Not scary at

all!

Well, okay, yeah it is. You’re in this editor with no discernible way out. So let’s cut straight to the

quick and talk about how to get back out. For now we’re going to use the absolute “oh crap let me

out” method. Type :q!<enter>

and you should be right back to the command prompt, which looks

like this:

I’m going to use lowest common denominator words like “Terminal” a lot. If your OS calls it something different like a shell or a command

line or (heaven help you) cmd.exe then just substitute that in your head.

Later on you’ll want to know that this is the “quit and don’t save anything” way of getting out. There are a few other ways to exit vim,

but we’ll get there later.

2. Moving Around in Vim: Baby Steps

Now that you’re in a file, it’s time to move around a little bit. If you’ve ever played with vim before,

you’ve probably seen something that looks like this:

1 k

2 h l

3 j

This is a super-unintuitive way of telling you which keys will move your cursor which directions.

In English it goes like this:

• h moves your cursor one space left

• l moves your cursor one space right

• k moves your cursor one line up

• j moves your cursor one line down

So play with those four keys for a while. The layout is weird at first, I’ll grant you, but it serves

the purpose of keeping your hand firmly on home row, and after a while you’ll start to just believe

that h j k l should always move your cursor around. This is great when you’re using a program

that understands vim keys. It also means that you’ll end up in an instant message conversation with

someone, and you’ll inadvertently send them a message that says “jjjkl” as you try to figure out why

you can’t move your cursor. It’s a curse.

Okay, moving on. Once you’ve gotten comfortable moving your cursor around, it’s time to edit

something. Use the movement keys to get your cursor where you want it and press i.

At the bottom of the screen you should see a message appear:

1 --INSERT--

This is vim’s way of telling you that pressing keys now will make things change in your text. In vim

parlance, you have just entered insert mode.

Type something witty in the document. I would put “So long, and thanks for all the fish” because it’s

better than “hello world”. But I know it doesn’t matter what I tell you to enter; you’ll put whatever

you want. That’s just how you are. You’re independent and I respect that.

Once your witticism is entered it’s time to save it up. Hit <esc> and the --INSERT-- message at the

bottom of the screen should disappear. This means that the keyboard is back to issuing commands

to vim instead of changing the text on the screen. Vim calls this normal mode, but don’t worry too

much about that yet. Type

Moving Around in Vim: Baby Steps 5

1 :w

And your changes are saved, friend.

Now let’s do something a little more daring and, dare I say it, useful. Moving around with your

fingers on home row is nice and all, but it’s not worth all this hassle and bother. Let’s look at some

slightly larger jumps in the text.

Position your cursor somewhere on a line of text–anywhere is fine– and make sure the -- INSERT

-- thingy is gone by pressing <esc> a bunch of times until vim starts beeping and/or flashing at you.

Now press A. Note that was an uppercase A, not a lowercase a. This handy little shortcut moves

you to the end of the line and puts you back into insert mode, all at once. Think of it as “append” or

“add”. Nifty, huh? Okay, press <esc> again and let’s do another one. Press o. (Again, note the case.)

Vim adds an empty line, right under the line you were on, and once again you’re in Insert mode,

ready to enter new text into the file. Write something if you want, and then press <esc> again to

get out of Insert mode.

What Are All These Modes You Keep Mentioning?

I’m getting there, little by little. If you want to skip ahead to the chapter on Modes feel free, but the

path I’m taking will be a little nicer. For now you only need to know that when vim says

1 -- INSERT --

you’re in insert mode (so called because that’s how you insert text) and when it doesn’t you’re

(probably) in normal mode. There are other modes, and a lot more to say on the topic, but right now

we’re getting used to moving around, and we don’t want to be bothered.

We’re going to talk more about moving the cursor around later, but for now look how awesome you

already are! Since you don’t need to worry about changes this time, you can just type

1 :q!<enter>

To exit vim.

Remember that commands that start with a colon : require you to press <enter> to make them execute. Okay, this is definitely the last

time I’m going to repeat that.

I’ve heard it said that some people call Normal Mode “Beep Mode” because you’ll try to switch back to it and the terminal will beep at

you and you’ll realize you’re already in it. I don’t know if I believe that anybody actually calls it that, but since I’m writing a vim book I’m

honor bound to pass this bit of information on to you. Just like if I were writing Beginner’s Big Book o’ Computer Facts I would feel obligated

to mention that four bits is called a “nibble” (because it’s half a byte and “byte” sounds like “bite”! Get it? GET IT???), even though I’m pretty

sure that’s just a joke that got put in some textbook years ago and has since gotten out of hand.

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渐进式学习：轻松掌握最强文本编辑器Vim

painless_git.pdf

es_script.txt

painless 判断doc中是String 还是数组

Painless脚本使某一字段值等于某字符串时优先排序

painless字符串转数组

RestHighLevelClient.update方法修改数字类型怎么办

updatebyquery 多个字段

elasticsearch 脚本

{ "error": { "root_cause": [ { "type": "illegal_argument_exception", "reason": "[script] unknown field [source], parser not found" } ], "type": "illegal_argument_exception", "reason": "[script] unknown field [source], parser not found" }, "status": 400 }

es script 字段删除参数内容

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