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首页OpenGL第四版权威教程:全面学习与参考指南
OpenGL第四版权威教程:全面学习与参考指南
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更新于2024-07-27
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"《OpenGL超级宝典(英文第四版)》是一本全面教程与参考书籍,由Richard S. Wright Jr., Benjamin Lipchak和Nicholas Haemel共同编著。本书针对OpenGL编程语言进行了详尽的讲解,适合那些希望深入理解并掌握这一图形渲染API的专业人士。作为第四版,它反映了OpenGL技术的最新进展,并提供了丰富的实战案例和理论知识。 该书以英文编写,非扫描版,确保了阅读体验的舒适度,适合英语阅读能力较强的学习者。书中不仅涵盖了OpenGL的基础概念,如顶点着色器、片段着色器、几何变换等,还深入探讨了高级主题,如纹理映射、光照模型、多视口渲染和性能优化。它强调实践性,通过大量的示例代码和项目,帮助读者逐步掌握如何在实际应用中使用OpenGL进行3D图形渲染。 值得注意的是,书中的一些制造商和供应商名称被标注为商标,体现了作者尊重知识产权的态度。同时,尽管作者和出版社对内容的准确性进行了精心校对,但并不能保证完全无误,也不承担因使用书中的信息或程序导致的间接或附带损失的责任。 对于批量购买或特殊销售,出版社提供了优惠折扣,包括电子版在内的多种形式,便于不同需求的用户获取。《OpenGL超级宝典(第四版)》是广大图形开发人员和计算机科学家学习OpenGL不可或缺的参考资料,无论你是初学者还是进阶开发者,都能从中受益匪浅。"
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Color in the Real World..............................................................................186
Ambient Light....................................................................................187
Diffuse Light ......................................................................................188
Specular Light ....................................................................................188
Putting It All Together.......................................................................189
Materials in the Real World........................................................................190
Material Properties.............................................................................190
Adding Light to Materials..................................................................190
Calculating Ambient Light Effects ....................................................190
Diffuse and Specular Effects ..............................................................191
Adding Light to a Scene..............................................................................192
Enabling the Lighting........................................................................192
Setting Up Cosmic Background Radiation........................................192
Setting Material Properties ................................................................193
Using a Light Source ...................................................................................196
Which Way Is Up?.............................................................................197
Surface Normals.................................................................................197
Specifying a Normal ..........................................................................198
Unit Normals .....................................................................................201
Finding a Normal...............................................................................202
Setting Up a Source............................................................................203
Setting the Material Properties ..........................................................205
Specifying the Polygons ....................................................................205
Lighting Effects ...........................................................................................207
Specular Highlights............................................................................207
Specular Light ....................................................................................208
Specular Reflectance ..........................................................................208
Specular Exponent.............................................................................209
Normal Averaging..............................................................................211
Putting It All Together ................................................................................213
Creating a Spotlight...........................................................................214
Drawing a Spotlight...........................................................................216
Shadows.......................................................................................................221
What Is a Shadow? ............................................................................222
Squish Code .......................................................................................223
A Shadow Example ............................................................................223
Sphere World Revisited......................................................................227
Summary .....................................................................................................227
Contents xv
6 More on Colors and Materials....................................................................229
Blending ......................................................................................................229
Combining Colors .............................................................................230
Changing the Blending Equation .....................................................234
Antialiasing ........................................................................................234
Multisample .......................................................................................238
Applying Fog ...............................................................................................240
Fog Equations ....................................................................................242
Fog Coordinates.................................................................................244
Accumulation Buffer...................................................................................244
Other Color Operations..............................................................................248
Color Masking ...................................................................................248
Color Logical Operations...................................................................248
Alpha Testing .....................................................................................249
Dithering............................................................................................250
Summary .....................................................................................................250
7 Imaging with OpenGL ................................................................................251
Bitmaps........................................................................................................252
Bitmapped Data .................................................................................253
The Raster Position ............................................................................256
Pixel Packing ...............................................................................................257
Pixmaps .......................................................................................................258
Packed Pixel Formats .........................................................................260
A More Colorful Example..................................................................261
Moving Pixels Around .......................................................................265
Saving Pixels ......................................................................................266
More Fun with Pixels..................................................................................268
Pixel Zoom.........................................................................................275
Pixel Transfer .....................................................................................277
Pixel Mapping....................................................................................281
The Imaging “Subset” and Pipeline............................................................283
Color Matrix ......................................................................................288
Color Lookup.....................................................................................289
Proxies................................................................................................290
Other Operations...............................................................................291
Convolutions .....................................................................................292
Histogram ..........................................................................................297
Minmax Operations...........................................................................301
Summary .....................................................................................................301
OpenGL SuperBible, Fourth Editionxvi
8 Texture Mapping: The Basics .....................................................................303
Loading Textures.........................................................................................304
Using the Color Buffer ......................................................................307
Updating Textures..............................................................................307
Mapping Textures to Geometry ........................................................308
Texture Matrix ...................................................................................311
A Simple 2D Example .................................................................................311
Texture Environment..................................................................................316
Texture Parameters......................................................................................318
Basic Filtering.....................................................................................318
Texture Wrap .....................................................................................320
Cartoons with Texture.......................................................................321
Mipmapping ......................................................................................325
Texture Objects ...........................................................................................330
Managing Multiple Textures .............................................................331
Summary .....................................................................................................339
9 Texture Mapping: Beyond the Basics.........................................................341
Secondary Color..........................................................................................341
Anisotropic Filtering ...................................................................................344
Texture Compression ..................................................................................347
Compressing Textures........................................................................348
Loading Compressed Textures...........................................................349
Texture Coordinate Generation..................................................................350
Object Linear Mapping......................................................................354
Eye Linear Mapping...........................................................................355
Sphere Mapping.................................................................................356
Cube Mapping ...................................................................................357
Multitexture ................................................................................................362
Multiple Texture Coordinates ...........................................................363
A Multitextured Example ..................................................................364
Texture Combiners......................................................................................369
Point Sprites ................................................................................................371
Using Points.......................................................................................372
Texture Application ...........................................................................374
Point Parameters................................................................................374
Summary .....................................................................................................375
Contents xvii
10 Curves and Surfaces....................................................................................377
Built-in Surfaces ..........................................................................................378
Setting Quadric States........................................................................379
Drawing Quadrics ..............................................................................381
Modeling with Quadrics....................................................................385
Bézier Curves and Surfaces .........................................................................388
Parametric Representation.................................................................388
Evaluators...........................................................................................391
NURBS .........................................................................................................401
From Bézier to B-Splines....................................................................402
Knots ..................................................................................................402
Creating a NURBS Surface .................................................................403
NURBS Properties...............................................................................404
Defining the Surface ..........................................................................404
Trimming ...........................................................................................406
NURBS Curves....................................................................................409
Tessellation..................................................................................................409
The Tessellator ...................................................................................411
Tessellator Callbacks ..........................................................................412
Specifying Vertex Data ......................................................................413
Putting It All Together.......................................................................414
Summary .....................................................................................................419
11 It’s All About the Pipeline: Faster Geometry Throughput.........................421
Display Lists ................................................................................................422
Batch Processing ................................................................................423
Preprocessed Batches .........................................................................424
Display List Caveats...........................................................................426
Converting to Display Lists...............................................................426
Vertex Arrays ...............................................................................................428
Loading the Geometry ......................................................................432
Enabling Arrays..................................................................................432
Where’s the Data?..............................................................................433
Pull the Data and Draw .....................................................................434
Indexed Vertex Arrays .......................................................................435
Vertex Buffer Objects ..................................................................................450
Managing and Using Buffer Objects .................................................450
Back to the Thunderbird! ..................................................................452
Summary .....................................................................................................455
OpenGL SuperBible, Fourth Editionxviii
12 Interactive Graphics....................................................................................457
Selection ......................................................................................................458
Naming Your Primitives ....................................................................458
Working with Selection Mode...........................................................460
The Selection Buffer...........................................................................461
Picking ...............................................................................................464
Hierarchical Picking...........................................................................466
Feedback.............................................................................................471
The Feedback Buffer ..........................................................................471
Feedback Data....................................................................................472
Passthrough Markers .........................................................................473
A Feedback Example ...................................................................................473
Label the Objects for Feedback..........................................................473
Step 1: Select the Object....................................................................476
Step 2: Get Feedback on the Object ..................................................478
Summary .....................................................................................................480
13 Occlusion Queries: Why Do More Work Than You Need To? ...................481
The World Before Occlusion Queries .........................................................482
Bounding Boxes ..........................................................................................485
Querying the Query Object ........................................................................490
Best Practices ...............................................................................................492
Summary .....................................................................................................493
14 Depth Textures and Shadows.....................................................................495
Be That Light...............................................................................................496
Fit the Scene to the Window.............................................................496
No Bells or Whistles, Please...............................................................497
A New Kind of Texture ...............................................................................498
Size Matters........................................................................................499
Draw the Shadows First?!............................................................................500
And Then There Was Light.........................................................................501
Projecting Your Shadow Map: The “Why” .......................................501
Projecting Your Shadow Map: The “How”........................................503
The Shadow Comparison ..................................................................505
Two Out of Three Ain’t Bad........................................................................509
A Few Words About Polygon Offset ...........................................................510
Summary .....................................................................................................511
Contents xix
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