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the zither, dulcimer, strings are stretched across a flat body. In a second branch, each
instrument has a neck, for example the lute, guitar, or violin. A third branch includes
plucked instruments with multiple strings, such as the lyre or the harp, where each string
produces only one pitch.
o string [] n. 琴弦
o chordophone [] n. 弦乐器
o zither [] n. 齐特琴(与中国的“筝”相似)
o dulcimer [] n. 洋琴
o neck [] n. 琴颈
o lute [] n. 琉特琴
o guitar [] n. 吉他
o violin [] n. 小提琴
o lyre [] n. 里拉,(古希腊的)七弦竖琴(古希腊的一种弦乐器)
o harp [] n. 竖琴
The modern pianoforte has six major parts: (1) The frame is usually made of iron. At the
rear end is attached the string plate, into which the strings are fastened. In the front is
the wrest plank, into which the tuning pins are set. Around these is wound the other end
of the strings, and by turning these pins the tension of the strings is regulated. (2) The
soundboard, a thin piece of fine-grained spruce placed under the strings, reinforces the
tone by means of sympathetic vibration. (3) The strings, made of steel wire, increase in
length and thickness from the treble to the bass. The higher pitches are each given two
or three strings tuned alike. The lower ones are single strings made heavier by being
overspun— that is, wound around with a coil of thin copper wire. (4) The action is the
entire mechanism required for propelling the hammers(wrapped with felt) against the
strings. The most visible part of the action is the keyboard, a row of keys manipulated by
the fingers. The keys corresponding to the natural tones are made of ivory or plastic ;
those corresponding to the chromatically altered tones, of ebony or plastic. (5) The
pedals are levers pressed down by the feet. The damper, or loud pedal, raises all the
dampers so that all the strings struck continue to vibrate even after the keys are
released. The use of these pedals can produce subtle changes in tone quality. (6)
According to the shape of the case, pianos are classified as grand, square, and upright.
Grand pianos are built in various sizes, from the full concert grand, 2.69 m long, to the
parlor or baby grand, less than 1.8 m long.
o pianoforte [] n. 钢琴
o frame [] n. 骨架
o rear [] adj. 后面的
o attach [] v. 附加
o fasten [] v. 使固定;加固
o plank [] n. 支架 (wrest plank: (校准弦音的)扭钥架)
o tuning pin [] []n. 调音弦轴
o wind [] v. 绕, 缠
o tension [] n. 压力, 张力
o regulate [] v. 调节, 校准
o fine-grained [] []adj. 纹理细腻、平整的
o spruce [] n. 云杉质木材
o reinforce [] v. 加强
o sympathetic vibration [] []n. 共振
o treble [] n. 高音部分
o bass [] n. 低音部分
o pitch [] n. 音高
o overspin wire [] []n. 缠弦
o coil [] n. 一卷
o action [] n. 机械装置
o mechanism [] n. 机械装置
o propel [] v. 推动