七周掌握七大Web框架

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"Seven Web Frameworks in Seven Weeks" 是一本针对Web框架的探索性书籍，旨在在短时间内引导读者了解多种不同的Web开发技术。书中的内容涵盖了7种不同的Web框架，每一种都有深入但又易于理解的介绍，适合那些希望扩展技术视野的多语言开发者。在描述中提到，这本书虽然提供了丰富的精华内容，但可能并不适合深度学习，而是作为入门的起点，帮助读者对各个框架有一个全面的认识。书中的评价强调了它在涵盖广泛技术的同时，也挖掘了各框架的核心特性，使读者能够理解每个框架的设计理念、主要功能、实现方式以及测试方法。从标签"web framework"我们可以推断，这本书涉及的框架可能包括但不限于： 1. JavaScript框架：JavaScript是Web开发中不可或缺的部分，书中可能介绍了两种不同的JavaScript框架，如React或Angular，它们在构建交互式用户界面方面非常流行。 2. Ruby框架：例如Ruby on Rails，它以其“约定优于配置”和DRY（Don't Repeat Yourself）原则著称，是许多Web开发者首选的全栈框架。 3. Haskell框架：可能涉及GHC的Happstack或Snap，这些基于函数编程语言的框架提供了独特的性能和安全性优势。 4. Clojure框架：Clojure是一种基于Lisp的现代编程语言，对应的Web框架如Compojure，它结合了Clojure的强大力量和简洁语法来构建Web应用。 5. Erlang框架：Erlang以其并发和容错能力闻名，可能介绍的是Elixir的Phoenix框架，它在构建高并发和实时系统时表现出色。书中的内容不仅限于代码示例，还提供了对每种框架背后的哲学思考，鼓励读者进行更深入的研究。这使得本书不仅适合初学者，也适合有一定经验的开发者拓宽视野。评论者Giles Bowkett，作为一名经验丰富的开发者，也表达了对此书的喜爱，强调了它在Web编程领域的吸引力。 "Seven Web Frameworks in Seven Weeks"是一本全面覆盖多种Web框架的书籍，它提供了快速学习和比较不同技术的平台，让读者能在较短的时间内获得丰富的知识体验，从而更好地选择适合自己的开发工具和技术栈。对于想要提升自身技术多样性的开发者来说，这是一本值得阅读和参考的资源。

Sinatra is a very lightweight framework with few dependencies. Getting

started and developing an application are effortless. Our example will be a

bookmarking application: users can save and view their bookmarks, tag them,

and search by tags.

Sinatra really shines when it comes to creating RESTful applications, helping

you create a server that provides an HTTP API. You can then write a front

end with a JavaScript framework. In fact, we’ll be doing that in the CanJS

and AngularJS chapters. However, using a JavaScript framework is not a

requirement. Sinatra can also provide the front end.

We’ll starting building our example application on Day 1 by creating a model

for bookmarks, providing database persistence, and defining a RESTful API.

During Day 2 we’ll create HTML views with different templating engines. On

Day 3, we’ll add validation and tag support to the application using Sinatra’s

block parameters, filters, and regular expression route matching.

Day 1: Building a Bookmarking Application

In our first day of learning Sinatra, we’ll begin by setting up a “Hello, world”

example to make sure our environment is working properly. We’ll also see

how we can write automated tests that exercise the code we wrote. Without

any further ado, we’ll jump into creating a sample application that we’ll grow

throughout the chapter as we discover more of Sinatra’s features.

Let’s start by saying hello to Sinatra.

Hello, Sinatra

From your command line, make sure you have Ruby and RubyGems installed:

$ ruby -v

ruby 2.0.0

$ gem -v

2.0.2

We’re using Ruby 2.0, but Sinatra works just as well with Ruby 1.9. If these

commands do not work, visit the Ruby download page to install Ruby for your

operating system.

If your system comes with Ruby 1.8.7, please note that while

Sinatra works well with it, the book’s sample code requires Ruby 1.9 or above.

Now, install the Sinatra gem:

$ gem install sinatra

http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads

Chapter 1. Sinatra • 2

report erratum • discuss

Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com>

Finished in 0.01612 seconds

1 example, 1 failure

Failed examples:

rspec ./app_test.rb:12 # Hello application says hello

Notice the

in place of the dot, indicating a failure. The output provides many

useful details about the failed test: the description from the strings that we

provided when calling the

describe

and

blocks, the line of code where the

failure occurred, and the expected and actual values so that we can readily

compare them.

Writing automated tests is a great way to confirm that the code we have

written works as expected. Sinatra and RSpec make writing test code quite

convenient. Throughout the rest of this chapter, we’ll occasionally use tests

to exercise our bookmarking application.

A RESTful API

We’ll now get started on implementing a simple bookmarking application.

Users can save their bookmarks, give them tags, and retrieve them as a list.

Unlike saving bookmarks directly in a browser, the motivation for having

them in an online application is to provide users with access to their book-

marks from anywhere. It also gives users a central place to store all their

bookmarks.

The server that we will build provides the following RESTful API:

GET /bookmarks - get a list of all bookmarks

GET /bookmarks/ID - get the details of bookmark ID

POST /bookmarks - create a new bookmark

PUT /bookmarks/ID - update an existing bookmark

DELETE /bookmarks/ID - delete a bookmark

Our first iteration of the bookmarking application will be to implement CRUD

for bookmarks: create, read, update, and delete. To achieve this task, we’ll

start with some data persistence.

Data Persistence

We need a place to store the bookmarks. Let’s use the SQLite database,

and

for object relational mapping (ORM), let’s use DataMapper.

Both are as

lightweight and easy to use as Sinatra, and they work well together.

http://www.sqlite.org

http://www.datamapper.org

report erratum • discuss

Day 1: Building a Bookmarking Application • 5

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