ACPI 5.0：驱动配置与电源管理的高级接口规范

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ACPI Specification 5.0 是一份由惠普、英特尔、微软、Phoenix Technologies 和东芝等公司共同编写的文档，旨在定义高级配置和电源管理（Advanced Configuration and Power Management，ACPI）硬件接口、软件接口以及数据结构。该规范的目标是支持操作系统驱动的配置和电源管理功能，确保系统在复杂多变的硬件环境下能够高效运行和节能。该版本发布于2011年12月6日，是对 ACPI 规范的重要升级，涵盖了详细的体系结构、功能描述、数据类型、事件和控制方法等核心内容。ACPI 5.0允许操作系统更加精确地控制硬件设备的配置，包括处理器状态、内存管理、电池状态、风扇速度调整以及电源切换等关键操作。通过统一的接口标准，不同厂商生产的计算机硬件能够无缝协作，提供一致的用户体验。文档中包含了严格的知识产权声明，强调该规范是“按现状”提供的，没有任何形式的保证，包括适销性、特定用途的适用性或其他任何形式的担保。此外，所有参与方均未授予或意图授予任何知识产权许可，这意味着用户在实施规范中的信息时需要自行承担可能的法律责任。对于硬件制造商而言，实现 ACPI 5.0的要求意味着他们需要设计和开发符合标准的硬件组件，同时为操作系统开发者提供充分的驱动支持。操作系统则可以利用这些接口来优化性能、降低功耗，并在必要时进行安全性和故障恢复操作。ACPI 5.0规范是现代计算机系统中不可或缺的一部分，它对于提升系统的能效、兼容性和管理灵活性具有重要意义。

xii Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

10.1.1 ACPI Smart Battery Status Change Notification Requirements...................... 492

10.1.2 Smart Battery Objects ..................................................................................... 493

10.1.3 _SBS (Smart Battery Subsystem) .................................................................. 494

10.2 Control Method Batteries ............................................................................................ 496

10.2.1 Battery Events................................................................................................. 497

10.2.2 Battery Control Methods ................................................................................. 497

10.3 AC Adapters and Power Source Objects.................................................................... 510

10.3.1 _PSR (Power Source)..................................................................................... 510

10.3.2 _PCL (Power Consumer List) ......................................................................... 511

10.3.3 _PIF (Power Source Information).................................................................... 511

10.3.4 _PRL (Power Source Redundancy List) ......................................................... 512

10.4 Power Meters.............................................................................................................. 512

10.4.1 _PMC (Power Meter Capabilities)................................................................... 513

10.4.2 _PTP (Power Trip Points) ............................................................................... 514

10.4.3 _PMM (Power Meter Measurement) ............................................................... 515

10.4.4 _PAI (Power Averaging Interval)..................................................................... 515

10.4.5 _GAI (Get Averaging Interval)......................................................................... 516

10.4.8 _PMD (Power Metered Devices)..................................................................... 517

10.5 Example: Power Source and Power Meter Namespace............................................ 517

11 

Thermal Management................................................................................. 519

11.1 Thermal Control .......................................................................................................... 519

11.1.1 Active, Passive, and Critical Policies .............................................................. 520

11.1.2 Dynamically Changing Cooling Temperature Trip Points ............................... 521

11.1.3 Detecting Temperature Changes .................................................................... 522

11.1.4 Active Cooling ................................................................................................ 524

11.1.5 Passive Cooling .............................................................................................. 525

11.1.6 Critical Shutdown ............................................................................................ 526

11.2 Cooling Preferences .................................................................................................. 527

11.2.1 Evaluating Thermal Device Lists..................................................................... 528

11.2.2 Evaluating Device Thermal Relationship Information ..................................... 529

11.3 Fan Device.................................................................................................................. 529

11.3.1 Fan Objects..................................................................................................... 530

11.4 Thermal Objects.......................................................................................................... 533

11.4.1 _ACx (Active Cooling) ..................................................................................... 534

11.4.2 _ALx (Active List) ............................................................................................ 534

11.4.3 _ART (Active Cooling Relationship Table)...................................................... 535

11.4.4 _CRT (Critical Temperature)........................................................................... 538

11.4.5 _DTI (Device Temperature Indication) ............................................................ 538

11.4.6 _HOT (Hot Temperature) ................................................................................ 538

11.4.7 _NTT (Notification Temperature Threshold) ................................................... 539

11.4.8 _PSL (Passive List)......................................................................................... 539

11.4.9 _PSV (Passive) ............................................................................................... 539

11.4.10 _RTV (Relative Temperature Values) ........................................................... 540

11.4.11 _SCP (Set Cooling Policy) ............................................................................ 540

11.4.12 _TC1 (Thermal Constant 1) .......................................................................... 543

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification

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11.4.13 _TC2 (Thermal Constant 2) .......................................................................... 543

11.4.14 _TMP (Temperature)..................................................................................... 544

11.4.15 _TPT (Trip Point Temperature) ..................................................................... 544

11.4.16 _TRT (Thermal Relationship Table).............................................................. 544

11.4.17 _TSP (Thermal Sampling Period) ................................................................. 545

11.4.18 _TST (Temperature Sensor Threshold) ........................................................ 545

11.4.19 _TZD (Thermal Zone Devices)...................................................................... 546

11.4.20 _TZM (Thermal Zone Member)..................................................................... 546

11.4.21 _TZP (Thermal Zone Polling)........................................................................ 546

11.5 Native OS Device Driver Thermal Interfaces .............................................................. 547

11.6 Thermal Zone Interface Requirements ....................................................................... 548

11.7 Thermal Zone Examples............................................................................................. 548

11.7.1 Example: The Basic Thermal Zone................................................................. 548

11.7.2 Example: Multiple-Speed Fans ....................................................................... 550

11.7.3 Example: Thermal Zone with Multiple Devices ............................................... 552

12 

ACPI Embedded Controller Interface Specification ................................ 559

12.1 Embedded Controller Interface Description ................................................................ 559

12.2 Embedded Controller Register Descriptions............................................................... 563

12.2.1 Embedded Controller Status, EC_SC (R) ....................................................... 563

12.2.2 Embedded Controller Command, EC_SC (W)................................................ 564

12.2.3 Embedded Controller Data, EC_DATA (R/W)................................................. 564

12.3 Embedded Controller Command Set .......................................................................... 564

12.3.1 Read Embedded Controller, RD_EC (0x80) ................................................... 565

12.3.2 Write Embedded Controller, WR_EC (0x81).................................................. 565

12.3.3 Burst Enable Embedded Controller, BE_EC (0x82)........................................ 565

12.3.4 Burst Disable Embedded Controller, BD_EC (0x83)....................................... 566

12.3.5 Query Embedded Controller, QR_EC (0x84).................................................. 566

12.4 SMBus Host Controller Notification Header (Optional), OS_SMB_EVT ..................... 566

12.5 Embedded Controller Firmware .................................................................................. 566

12.6 Interrupt Model............................................................................................................567

12.6.1 Event Interrupt Model...................................................................................... 567

12.6.2 Command Interrupt Model .............................................................................. 568

12.7 Embedded Controller Interfacing Algorithms .............................................................. 568

12.8 Embedded Controller Description Information ............................................................ 569

12.9 SMBus Host Controller Interface via Embedded Controller....................................... 569

12.9.1 Register Description........................................................................................ 570

12.9.2 Protocol Description ........................................................................................ 574

12.10 SMBus Devices......................................................................................................... 579

12.10.1 SMBus Device Access Restrictions .............................................................. 580

12.10.2 SMBus Device Command Access Restriction .............................................. 580

12.11 Defining an Embedded Controller Device in ACPI Namespace ............................... 580

12.11.1 Example: EC Definition ASL Code ............................................................... 581

12.12 Defining an EC SMBus Host Controller in ACPI Namespace................................... 582

12.12.1 Example: EC SMBus Host Controller ASL-Code .......................................... 582

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13 

ACPI System Management Bus Interface Specification ......................... 585

13.1 SMBus Overview ........................................................................................................ 585

13.1.1 SMBus Slave Addresses................................................................................. 585

13.1.2 SMBus Protocols............................................................................................. 586

13.1.3 SMBus Status Codes ...................................................................................... 587

13.1.4 SMBus Command Values ............................................................................... 587

13.2 Accessing the SMBus from ASL Code ....................................................................... 587

13.2.1 Declaring SMBus Host Controller Objects ...................................................... 587

13.2.2 Declaring SMBus Devices............................................................................... 588

13.2.3 Declaring SMBus Operation Regions ............................................................. 588

13.2.4 Declaring SMBus Fields.................................................................................. 590

13.2.5 Declaring and Using an SMBus Data Buffer ................................................... 592

13.3 Using the SMBus Protocols ........................................................................................ 593

13.3.1 Read/Write Quick (SMBQuick)........................................................................ 593

13.3.2 Send/Receive Byte (SMBSendReceive) ......................................................... 594

13.3.3 Read/Write Byte (SMBByte)............................................................................ 595

13.3.4 Read/Write Word (SMBWord)......................................................................... 596

13.3.5 Read/Write Block (SMBBlock) ........................................................................ 596

13.3.6 Word Process Call (SMBProcessCall) ............................................................ 597

13.3.7 Block Process Call (SMBBlockProcessCall) ................................................... 598

14 

Platform Communications Channel (PCC)............................................... 599

14.1 Platform Communications Channel Table .................................................................. 599

14.1.1 Platform Communications Channel Global Flags ........................................... 600

14.1.2 Platform Communications Channel Subspace Structures .............................. 600

14.1.3 Generic Communications Subspace Structure (type 0) .................................. 600

14.2 Generic Communications Channel Shared Memory Region ...................................... 601

14.2.1 Generic Communications Channel Command Field ....................................... 601

14.2.2 Generic Communications Channel Status Field ............................................. 602

14.3 Doorbell Protocol ........................................................................................................ 602

14.4 Platform Notification.................................................................................................... 603

14.5 Referencing the PCC address space.......................................................................... 603

15 

System Address Map Interfaces ............................................................... 605

15.1 INT 15H, E820H - Query System Address Map ......................................................... 606

15.2 E820 Assumptions and Limitations............................................................................. 608

15.3 UEFI GetMemoryMap() Boot Services Function........................................................ 608

15.4 UEFI Assumptions and Limitations ............................................................................ 609

15.5 Example Address Map................................................................................................ 610

15.6 Example: Operating System Usage............................................................................ 611

16 

Waking and Sleeping ................................................................................. 613

16.1 Sleeping States........................................................................................................... 615

16.1.1 S1 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 617

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification

Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xv

16.1.2 S2 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 618

16.1.3 S3 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 618

16.1.4 S4 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 619

16.1.5 S5 Soft Off State ............................................................................................. 620

16.1.6 Transitioning from the Working to the Sleeping State..................................... 621

16.1.7 Transitioning from the Working to the Soft Off State....................................... 622

16.2 Flushing Caches ......................................................................................................... 622

16.3 Initialization ................................................................................................................. 622

16.3.1 Placing the System in ACPI Mode .................................................................. 625

16.3.2 BIOS Initialization of Memory.......................................................................... 625

16.3.3 OS Loading ..................................................................................................... 627

16.3.4 Exiting ACPI Mode .......................................................................................... 629

17 

Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Architecture Platforms ............. 631

17.1 NUMA Node................................................................................................................ 631

17.2 System Locality........................................................................................................... 631

17.2.1 System Resource Affinity Table Definition ...................................................... 632

17.3 System Locality Distance Information ......................................................................... 632

17.3.1 Online Hot Plug ............................................................................................... 632

17.3.2 Impact to Existing Localities............................................................................ 633

18 

ACPI Platform Error Interfaces (APEI)...................................................... 635

18.2 Relationship between OSPM and System Firmware .................................................. 636

18.3 Error Source Discovery............................................................................................... 636

18.3.1 Boot Error Source ........................................................................................... 636

18.3.2 ACPI Error Source .......................................................................................... 638

18.4 Firmware First Error Handling..................................................................................... 650

18.4.1 Example: Firmware First Handling Using NMI Notification ............................. 651

18.5 Error Serialization ....................................................................................................... 651

18.5.1 Serialization Action Table................................................................................ 652

18.5.2 Operations....................................................................................................... 658

18.6 Error Injection.............................................................................................................. 662

18.6.1 Error Injection Table (EINJ)............................................................................. 662

18.6.2 Injection Instruction Entries ............................................................................. 665

18.6.3 Injection Instructions ....................................................................................... 666

18.6.4 Trigger Action Table........................................................................................ 668

19 

ACPI Source Language (ASL)Reference.................................................. 671

19.1 ASL Language Grammar ............................................................................................ 671

19.1.1 ASL Grammar Notation................................................................................... 672

19.1.2 ASL Name and Pathname Terms ................................................................... 673

19.1.3 ASL Root and Secondary Terms .................................................................... 673

19.1.4 ASL Data and Constant Terms ....................................................................... 675

19.1.5 ASL Opcode Terms......................................................................................... 677

19.1.6 ASL Primary (Terminal) Terms ....................................................................... 678

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19.1.7 ASL Parameter Keyword Terms ..................................................................... 689

19.1.8 ASL Resource Template Terms...................................................................... 691

19.2 ASL Concepts ............................................................................................................. 699

19.2.1 ASL Names ..................................................................................................... 699

19.2.2 ASL Literal Constants ..................................................................................... 699

19.2.3 ASL Resource Templates ............................................................................... 701

19.2.4 ASL Macros..................................................................................................... 703

19.2.5 ASL Data Types .............................................................................................. 703

19.3 ASL Operator Summary ............................................................................................. 715

19.4 ASL Operator Summary By Type .............................................................................. 719

19.5 ASL Operator Reference ........................................................................................... 723

19.5.1 AccessAs (Change Field Unit Access)............................................................ 723

19.5.2 Acquire (Acquire a Mutex)............................................................................... 724

19.5.3 Add (Integer Add)............................................................................................ 724

19.5.4 Alias (Declare Name Alias) ............................................................................. 725

19.5.5 And (Integer Bitwise And) ............................................................................... 725

19.5.6 Argx (Method Argument Data Objects) ........................................................... 725

19.5.7 BankField (Declare Bank/Data Field).............................................................. 726

19.5.8 Break (Break from While)................................................................................ 727

19.5.9 BreakPoint (Execution Break Point)................................................................ 727

19.5.10 Buffer (Declare Buffer Object)....................................................................... 727

19.5.11 Case (Expression for Conditional Execution)................................................ 728

19.5.12 Concatenate (Concatenate Data) ................................................................. 728

19.5.13 ConcatenateResTemplate (Concatenate Resource Templates) .................. 729

19.5.14 CondRefOf (Create Object Reference Conditionally) ................................... 729

19.5.15 Connection (Declare Field Connection Attributes) ........................................ 729

19.5.16 Continue (Continue Innermost Enclosing While) .......................................... 730

19.5.17 CopyObject (Copy and Store Object)............................................................ 730

19.5.18 CreateBitField (Create 1-Bit Buffer Field) .................................................... 731

19.5.19 CreateByteField (Create 8-Bit Buffer Field) .................................................. 731

19.5.20 CreateDWordField (Create 32-Bit Buffer Field) ............................................ 731

19.5.21 CreateField (Create Arbitrary Length Buffer Field) ....................................... 732

19.5.22 CreateQWordField (Create 64-Bit Buffer Field) ............................................ 732

19.5.23 CreateWordField (Create 16-Bit Buffer Field) .............................................. 732

19.5.24 DataTableRegion (Create Data Table Operation Region) ............................ 732

19.5.25 Debug (Debugger Output)............................................................................. 733

19.5.26 Decrement (Integer Decrement) ................................................................... 733

19.5.27 Default (Default Execution Path in Switch) .................................................. 734

19.5.28 DefinitionBlock (Declare Definition Block)..................................................... 734

19.5.29 DerefOf (Dereference an Object Reference) ................................................ 735

19.5.30 Device (Declare Bus/Device Package) ......................................................... 735

19.5.31 Divide (Integer Divide)................................................................................... 736

19.5.32 DMA (DMA Resource Descriptor Macro) ...................................................... 737

19.5.33 DWordIO (DWord IO Resource Descriptor Macro) ....................................... 737

19.5.34 DWordMemory (DWord Memory Resource Descriptor Macro)..................... 739

19.5.35 DWordSpace (DWord Space Resource Descriptor Macro) .......................... 741

19.5.36 EISAID (EISA ID String To Integer Conversion Macro) ................................ 742

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