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Lea Verou的CSS秘籍：解锁新一代网页设计奥秘

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"CSS Secrets 2nd" 是一本由W3C CSS工作组特邀专家Lea Verou撰写的权威指南，专为新一代CSS设计师和开发者精心打造。Lea不仅是设计CSS语言的委员，还在麻省理工学院从事人机交互研究，同时也是知名的博客作者和国际技术会议讲师。她的著作深受业界推崇，这本书被赞誉为CSS领域的经典之作。这本书不仅仅是一本理论教程，而是针对日常网页设计问题提供了更优化的解决方案，适合各个层次的读者，从初学者到经验丰富的专业人士。它深入浅出地解析了CSS的最新技术和高级技巧，揭示了许多鲜为人知的秘密，即便是自认为对CSS非常了解的读者，也能从中发现新的见解和灵感。 Jeffrey Zeldman高度评价Lea Verou在理解新CSS方面的独特能力，称她是真正令人惊叹的编码者之一。Jeremy Keith形容这本书是百科全书式的，通过它，读者能深入了解如何运用CSS实现各种想象中的设计。Eric A. Meyer和Christopher Schmitt也给予了极高的赞誉，认为这本书不仅包含了实用的提示和技巧，可以立即提升用户体验设计（UX），而且对于熟悉CSS的人来说，更是充满了聪明和有用的创新点。 "CSS Secrets 2nd" 不仅教你如何利用CSS解决实际问题，还鼓励读者在实践中变得更聪明。书中涵盖了智能的最佳实践，以及一些堪称绝妙的技术手法，让读者在提升技能的同时，也体验到了CSS所带来的乐趣与挑战。无论是新手还是资深设计师，这本书都是提升CSS技艺、扩展设计视野的宝贵资源，是一本值得收藏的必备书籍。

Foreword

Ah, the good old days. Back in the previous millennium, we had just two

CSS-capable browsers, and what they did was a fairly limited subset of a

fairly limited

speciﬁcation, so you could fairly easily keep a complete map

of what worked and what didn’t in your head. That map included the bugs

in each implementation, as they had many errors and oversights, some of

them verging on the comical. Heck, some bugs were so fundamental that

they made the browsers’ layout behavior completely incompatible, forcing

us to come up with a whole army of parser-bug-exploiting hacks just to work

around the differences!

Wait a minute. The old days were horrible. Glad we’re done with

all that!

Things really have gotten so much better in the last several years, CSS-

wise. Browsers have, for the most part, converged on compatibility, and

where they are incompatible, it’s nearly always because one browser doesn’t

support a feature that another does, as opposed to both of them trying to

support the same thing differently, and usually badly. The speciﬁcations

have pushed capabilities forward even as they’ve added features that re-

create the convoluted tricks of old in much simpler, more compact ways.

CSS has far more features and far more power than ever before—but, as

we all know, with great power comes great complexity. It’s not even a case

of intentional complexity: when you combine enough working parts, no

FOREWORD

matter how simple each may be, interesting things can and do emerge. (For

more on this topic, see The LEGO Movie.)

But it’s exactly that unintended complexity that gives CSS the ability to

surprise us with emergent features we never expected, or even planned.

There are secrets to be found in the intersections of properties and the

bending of values. You can carve corners with gradients, animate elements,

increase clickable areas, even create pie charts…and so much more. CSS has

capabilities that we only dreamed of back when I was but a lad, possibilities

beyond anything we imagined. It’s added abilities that I once thought could

never be expressed in a compact, human-readable manner—animations, to

pick one example. It’s advanced far enough that I’m conﬁdent there are

many, many secrets yet to be discovered. Perhaps you’ll discover some

of them.

Until that day arrives, there are plenty of fascinating techniques that

have already been unearthed, and few have done more than Lea Verou to

ﬁnd and share them with the world. From her blog posts to her open source

contributions to her dynamic, interactive talks all over the world, Lea has

amassed a formidable reserve of CSS knowledge. This book is a beautiful

distillation of that knowledge. You now possess a guide to some of the most

interesting, surprising, and useful techniques that CSS has yielded, a guide

compiled by one of the brightest minds in the ﬁeld. What Lea has prepared

for you in these pages will enrich, delight, and—yes—even astonish.

Go forth, learn well, and let these discoveries be secrets no more.

— Eric A. Meyer

FOREWORD

xvi

Preface

In the past few years, CSS has undergone a transformation, similar to

the JavaScript revolution circa 2004. It went from being a dead-simple styl-

ing language with limited power, to a complex technology

deﬁned by over

80 W3C speciﬁcations (including drafts), with its own developer ecosys-

tem, its own conferences, and its own frameworks and tooling. CSS has

grown so much that it’s practically impossible for any single person

to hold all of it in their brain. Even in the W3C CSS Working Group that

deﬁnes the language, nobody is an expert on every single aspect of CSS—

and few even come close. Instead, most WG members focus on certain CSS

speciﬁcations and might know very little about others.

Up until roughly 2009, CSS expertise was not deﬁned by how well the

language was known. This was more or less a given for any serious CSS

work. Instead, CSS prowess was deﬁned by the number of browser bugs

and workarounds that had been committed to memory. Fast-forward to

2015, and browsers are now designed to support standards, and ﬂimsy

browser-speciﬁc hacks are frowned upon. There are still some unavoidable

incompatibilities, but—especially because most browsers now auto-update

—the pace of change is so fast, that attempting to document them in a

book would be a waste of time and space.

The challenge in modern CSS has little to do with working around

transient browser bugs. The challenge now is using the CSS features we

have in a creative way, in order to come up with DRY, maintainable,

PREFACE

xvii

ﬂexible, lightweight, and as much as possible, standards-compliant

solutions. This is exactly what this book is all about.

There are many books out there that document certain CSS features

from A to Z. CSS Secrets, for better or for worse, is not one of them. Its

purpose is to ﬁll the knowledge gaps that are left after you’ve already fam-

iliarized yourself with the reference material—to open your mind to new

ways to take advantage of the features you already know about, or to let

you know about useful CSS features that aren’t as shiny and popular, and

that deserve more love. However, above all, the main purpose of this book

is to teach you how to solve problems with CSS.

CSS Secrets is not a cookbook either. Each “secret” is not a canned

recipe, with rigid steps you must follow to achieve a speciﬁc effect. Instead,

I’ve tried to describe the thinking behind every technique in detail, as I be-

lieve that understanding the process of ﬁnding a solution is far more

valuable than the solution itself. Even if you don’t think that a certain

technique is relevant to your work, learning how to reach a solution might

still prove valuable for tackling even completely different problems. Long

story short, you will hopefully get many proverbial ﬁsh from this

book, but its main goal is to “feed you for a lifetime,” by teaching

you how to catch them.

PREFACE

xviii

DRY is an acronym that stands for

“Don’t Repeat Yourself.” It’s a pop-

ular programming mantra to pro-

mote an aspect of maintainable

code: being able to change its pa-

rameters with as few edits as possi-

ble, ideally one. Emphasis on DRY

CSS code is a recurring theme in this

book. The opposite of DRY is WET,

which stands for “We Enjoy Typing”

or “Write Everything Twice.”

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我新建了一个github action 为 action.yml(不是.github/worlflows下的工作流), 并且设置了secrets, 我需要别人使用use调用我的action时使用我的action所在仓库的secrets, 该怎么做

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如果你想让使用者调用你的 Action 时使用你的仓库 Secrets，你需要将你的 Secrets 传递给 Action。在你的 Action 中，你可以通过 `${{ secrets.SECRET_NAME }}` 的形式获取仓库 Secrets。在使用者的仓库中，使用...

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