从Web开发到Swift：iOS原生应用指南

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"Migrating.to.Swift.from.Web.Development.148420932X" 这本书是为前端Web开发者、移动Web开发者和JavaScript开发者设计的，旨在帮助他们过渡到使用Swift进行原生iOS应用开发。通过本书，读者将学习Swift语言和Xcode 6的基础知识，掌握如何构建iOS项目，理解移动屏幕导航模式，学习用户界面组件和动画，以及如何在应用中存储数据和使用远程服务。 **Swift语言和Xcode 6基础** Swift是苹果公司推出的一种强大且安全的编程语言，用于开发iOS、iPadOS、macOS、watchOS和tvOS的应用。Xcode是Apple的官方集成开发环境（IDE），包含了编写、调试和测试Swift代码所需的所有工具。书中第一章将引导读者设置开发环境，包括安装最新版本的Xcode，并了解其基本功能。 **iOS编程基础** 第二章介绍了iOS编程的基本概念，包括应用程序框架、生命周期管理和iOS 8的新特性。读者将学习如何使用Storyboard创建用户界面，这是一种可视化布局工具，允许开发者通过拖放方式构建UI元素。 **结构化您的App** 在第二部分中，作者提供了从现有移动Web应用移植到iOS的路线图。第三章将讨论如何规划和组织iOS项目的结构，包括使用Storyboard设计用户流程，以及实现常见的移动屏幕导航模式，如TabBar和NavigationController。 **逐步实现** 第四章详细阐述了如何逐个部分实现应用的功能。这一部分将涵盖各种UI组件的创建，例如文本字段、按钮和图像视图，以及如何处理用户交互。此外，还会讲解如何添加动画效果，提升用户体验。 **数据存储与远程服务** 书中涵盖了如何在iOS应用中存储数据，包括使用Core Data、SQLite或简单文件系统。同时，还讨论了如何与远程服务器通信，如使用JSON或XML进行API调用，实现数据同步和网络请求。 **整合与收尾工作** 第五章是关于将所有部分整合到一个完整应用的过程，包括测试、优化和准备发布。最后的第六章是关于混合应用的，探讨了如何将Web技术和Swift结合，创建既具有原生功能又有Web灵活性的应用。通过本书的学习，读者不仅能掌握Swift编程语言，还能成长为一名能够构建iOS 8应用的开发者，具备从前端Web开发到iOS开发的全面技能。

CHAPTER 2: iOS Programming Basics12

The Swift Language in a Nutshell

Swift is the newest programming language for creating iOS apps. I am

confident that learning the Swift language won’t be the highest hurdle for

you; JavaScript and C# developers will pick up Swift code naturally because

they are syntactically similar and follow the conventions of typical object-

oriented (OO) programming languages. Just to give you a quick preview,

Table 2-1 briefly compares JavaScript to Swift.

Table 2-1. Java-to-Swift Language Syntax Comparison in a Nutshell

JavaScript Swift

src="scripts/packagename/Xyz.js">

</script>

import framework

Xyz.prototype = new SomeClass(); class Xyz : SomeClass

var mProperty; var mProperty : Int

Xyz.prototype.constructor=Xyz

// constructor

init()

var obj = new Xyz(); var obj : Xyz = Xyz()

Xyz.prototype.doWork(arg) func doWork (arg: String) -> Void

obj.doWork(arg); obj.doWork(arg)

The Table 2-1 cross-reference refers to how native JavaScript prototype-

based inheritance might be used to implement classical inheritance used

by Swift, Java, and C#. For those familiar with Prototype and Sencha, the

extension libraries and methods for inheritance should make the transition

even more straightforward. If you come from a basic JQuery programming

background, the syntax of Swift will seem familiar, but the structure of your

code will move from a flat list of functions to encapsulated objects and

object instances with a hierarchal source structure. In this section, I will not

discuss the in-depth OO theory or techniques. However, I do want to point

out certain important ideas for pure-JavaScript developers.

HelloSwift with Xcode

Instead of my describing the uses and syntax rules in a formal way, you

are going to create a HelloSwift Xcode project and write the code listing

from Table 2-1 yourself. You will also perform the following common Xcode

programming tasks: creating a class, building and running a project, and

using the debugger.

CHAPTER 2: iOS Programming Basics

The Utility area on the right contains several inspector views 

that allow you to edit attributes of the whole file or the item

selected in the Editor area. Depending on the type of files

you select, different types of inspectors will be available

in the top selector bar. For example, you will have more

inspectors showing in the selector bar if you are editing a

screen or UI widgets. The bottom of the area is called the

Libraries area. Use the selector bar to select one of the

library views. You can drag and drop items from Libraries to

the appropriate editor to visually modify file content. You will

use the Object Library a lot to compose UIs visually.

Click any of the icons on the selector bars, or hover your mouse over

the pointer in Figure 2-2, to see the hover text tips in the workspace to

get yourself familiar with Xcode workspace. The subviews appear more

condensed than those in most of the IDE I ever experienced, but essentially

it is a tool for the same purpose: editing project files and compiling,

building, debugging, and running the executables. You will use it repeatedly

throughout the book.

Creating a Swift Class

A class is the fundamental building block of any classic OO programming

language. A class is a software template that defines what the objects know

(state) and how the objects behave (methods). JavaScript uses functions

and their prototypes to accomplish the same goal.

While JavaScript web applications often make use of objects by creating and

manipulating DOM elements, it is entirely possible to create a JavaScript web

application without creating a single new reusable object structure. Using

anonymous objects and scripts running in the global scope, referencing function

libraries like JQuery, is quite common. Swift, however, requires developers to

structure their code into named class types before the objects can be created.

To create a new Swift class, you can create it in the existing main.swift file,

or you can follow the Java convention to create it in its own file as shown in

the following steps:

1. Expand the newly created HelloSwift project, right-

click the HelloSwift folder to bring up the folder

context menu (see Figure 2-3), and select New File.

a. Select iOS and then Source from the left panel

and then select the Swift File template in the

“Choose a template for your new file” screen.

b. Save the file and name it MobileDeveloper.swift.

The file should appear in your project.

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从Web开发到Swift：iOS原生应用指南

Migrating to Swift from Web Development(Apress,2015)

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List and describe the main tasks that are performed during systems implementation.

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