Oracle 10g JDBC开发指南与参考：驱动应用的强大教程

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Oracle® Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference 10g Release 1 (10.1) 是一本详细的指南，专为开发人员设计，旨在帮助他们利用Oracle JDBC驱动程序构建强大的Java数据库应用程序。该文档发布于2004年6月，版权归属于Oracle公司，享有1999年和2004年的版权。本书的主要作者是Elizabeth Hanes Perry、Brian Wright和Thomas Pfaeffle，他们共同负责了核心内容的编写。其他贡献者包括Brian Martin，以及Kuassi Mensah、Magdi Morsi、Ron Peterson等多位技术专家，他们在特定章节或技术领域提供了深入的知识和实用案例。书中包含了丰富的编程示例、API解释、连接管理、数据操作、事务处理、错误处理、安全性等内容，全面覆盖了Oracle JDBC 10g Release 1的技术特性。作为开发者工具，Oracle JDBC允许Java应用与Oracle数据库无缝交互，支持SQL语句执行、结果集处理、连接池管理和高级功能。使用这本书，读者可以学习如何设置数据库连接，执行CRUD操作（Create, Read, Update, Delete），实现事务控制，以及优化性能和安全性。此外，书中还涉及到了版权和许可协议，强调了软件和文档中的专有信息受限制使用和披露的规定，同时也受到版权法和专利保护。 Oracle® Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference 10g Release 1 是一个宝贵的资源库，对于任何希望在Java平台上利用Oracle数据库进行高效开发的工程师来说，都是不可或缺的学习材料。通过深入理解并实践书中的内容，开发者能够提升自己的数据库编程技能，并确保遵循Oracle的规范和最佳实践。

xvi

OCI Driver Transparent Application Failover................................................................................. 19-7

Failover Type Events ...................................................................................................................... 19-7

TAF Callbacks.................................................................................................................................. 19-8

Java TAF Callback Interface .......................................................................................................... 19-8

Handling the FO_ERROR Event............................................................................................ 19-9

Handling the FO_ABORT Event............................................................................................ 19-9

OCI HeteroRM XA ................................................................................................................................ 19-9

Configuration and Installation...................................................................................................... 19-9

Exception Handling........................................................................................................................ 19-9

HeteroRM XA Code Example ....................................................................................................... 19-9

Accessing PL/SQL Index-by Tables ................................................................................................. 19-10

Overview........................................................................................................................................ 19-10

Binding IN Parameters................................................................................................................. 19-11

Receiving OUT Parameters.......................................................................................................... 19-12

Registering the OUT Parameters......................................................................................... 19-12

Accessing the OUT Parameter Values ................................................................................ 19-13

JDBC Default Mappings ................................................................................................ 19-13

Oracle Mappings............................................................................................................. 19-14

Java Primitive Type Mappings ..................................................................................... 19-14

20 OCI Instant Client

Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 20-1

Benefits of Instant Client..................................................................................................................... 20-2

JDBC OCI Instant Client Installation Process................................................................................. 20-2

When to Use Instant Client ................................................................................................................. 20-3

Patching Instant Client Shared Libraries ......................................................................................... 20-3

Regeneration of Data Shared Library................................................................................................ 20-4

Database Connection Names for OCI Instant Client..................................................................... 20-4

Environment Variables for OCI Instant Client ............................................................................... 20-5

21 End-To-End Metrics Support

Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 21-1

JDBC API For End-To-End Metrics.................................................................................................... 21-2

22 Performance Extensions

Update Batching .................................................................................................................................... 22-1

Overview of Update Batching Models......................................................................................... 22-1

Oracle Model versus Standard Model.................................................................................. 22-2

Types of Statements Supported............................................................................................. 22-2

Oracle Update Batching ................................................................................................................. 22-3

Oracle Update Batching Characteristics and Limitations.................................................. 22-3

Setting the Connection Batch Value...................................................................................... 22-4

Setting the Statement Batch Value......................................................................................... 22-4

Checking the Batch Value....................................................................................................... 22-5

Overriding the Batch Value ................................................................................................... 22-5

Committing the Changes in Oracle Batching ...................................................................... 22-6

xvii

Update Counts in Oracle Batching........................................................................................ 22-6

Standard Update Batching............................................................................................................. 22-8

Limitations in the Oracle Implementation of Standard Batching..................................... 22-8

Adding Operations to the Batch............................................................................................ 22-8

Executing the Batch ................................................................................................................. 22-9

Committing the Changes in the Oracle Implementation of Standard Batching........... 22-10

Clearing the Batch.................................................................................................................. 22-10

Update Counts in the Oracle Implementation of Standard Batching ............................ 22-11

Error Handling in the Oracle Implementation of Standard Batching............................ 22-12

Intermixing Batched Statements and Non-Batched Statements ..................................... 22-13

Premature Batch Flush ................................................................................................................. 22-13

Additional Oracle Performance Extensions................................................................................... 22-14

Oracle Row Prefetching................................................................................................................ 22-15

Setting the Oracle Prefetch Value........................................................................................ 22-15

Oracle Row-Prefetching Limitations................................................................................... 22-17

Defining Column Types............................................................................................................... 22-17

DatabaseMetaData TABLE_REMARKS Reporting.................................................................. 22-19

Considerations for getProcedures() and getProcedureColumns() Methods................. 22-20

23 JDBC Client-Side Security Features

JDBC Support for Oracle Advanced Security.................................................................................. 23-1

OCI Driver Support for Oracle Advanced Security................................................................... 23-1

Thin Driver Support for Oracle Advanced Security.................................................................. 23-2

JDBC Support for Login Authentication.......................................................................................... 23-2

JDBC Support for Data Encryption and Integrity .......................................................................... 23-2

OCI Driver Support for Encryption and Integrity ..................................................................... 23-3

Thin Driver Support for Encryption and Integrity .................................................................... 23-4

Setting Encryption and Integrity Parameters in Java ................................................................ 23-5

Complete example ................................................................................................................... 23-6

24 JDBC in Applets

Connecting to the Database through the Applet ............................................................................ 24-1

Connecting to a Database on a Different Host Than the Web Server......................................... 24-2

Using the Oracle Connection Manager........................................................................................ 24-2

Installing and Running the Oracle Connection Manager .................................................. 24-3

Writing the URL that Targets the Connection Manager.................................................... 24-4

Connecting through Multiple Connection Managers......................................................... 24-4

Using Signed Applets..................................................................................................................... 24-4

Using Applets with Firewalls ............................................................................................................ 24-5

Configuring a Firewall for Applets that use the JDBC Thin Driver ........................................ 24-5

Writing a URL to Connect through a Firewall............................................................................ 24-6

Packaging Applets................................................................................................................................. 24-7

Specifying an Applet in an HTML Page........................................................................................... 24-8

CODE, HEIGHT, and WIDTH ...................................................................................................... 24-8

CODEBASE...................................................................................................................................... 24-8

ARCHIVE......................................................................................................................................... 24-8

xviii

25 Reference Information

Valid SQL-JDBC Datatype Mappings............................................................................................... 25-1

Supported SQL and PL/SQL Datatypes............................................................................................ 25-3

Embedded SQL92 Syntax .................................................................................................................... 25-7

Disabling Escape Processing ......................................................................................................... 25-7

Time and Date Literals ................................................................................................................... 25-7

Date Literals.............................................................................................................................. 25-7

Time Literals............................................................................................................................. 25-8

Timestamp Literals .................................................................................................................. 25-8

Scalar Functions............................................................................................................................... 25-9

LIKE Escape Characters ................................................................................................................. 25-9

Outer Joins...................................................................................................................................... 25-10

Function Call Syntax..................................................................................................................... 25-10

SQL92 to SQL Syntax Example ................................................................................................... 25-10

Oracle JDBC Notes and Limitations................................................................................................ 25-11

CursorName................................................................................................................................... 25-11

SQL92 Outer Join Escapes............................................................................................................ 25-11

PL/SQL TABLE, BOOLEAN, and RECORD Types ................................................................ 25-11

IEEE 754 Floating Point Compliance.......................................................................................... 25-11

Catalog Arguments to DatabaseMetaData Calls...................................................................... 25-12

SQLWarning Class........................................................................................................................ 25-12

Binding Named Parameters ........................................................................................................ 25-12

Retaining Bound Values ....................................................................................................... 25-12

26 Server-Side Internal Driver

Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 26-1

Connecting to the Database with the Server-Side Internal Driver ............................................. 26-1

Connecting with the OracleDriver Class defaultConnection() Method ................................. 26-2

Connecting with the OracleDataSource.getConnection() Method .......................................... 26-3

Exception-Handling Extensions for the Server-Side Internal Driver ......................................... 26-3

Example ............................................................................................................................................ 26-4

Session and Transaction Context for the Server-Side Internal Driver........................................ 26-4

Testing JDBC on the Server................................................................................................................. 26-4

Loading an Application into the Server............................................................................................ 26-5

Loading Class Files into the Server .............................................................................................. 26-5

Loading Source Files into the Server............................................................................................ 26-6

Server-Side Character Set Conversion of oracle.sql.CHAR Data ................................................ 26-6

27 Proxy Authentication

Middle-Tier Authentication Through Proxy Connections............................................................ 27-1

28 Coding Tips and Troubleshooting

JDBC and Multithreading ................................................................................................................... 28-1

Performance Optimization .................................................................................................................. 28-4

Disabling Auto-Commit Mode ..................................................................................................... 28-4

Example: Disabling AutoCommit ........................................................................................ 28-5

xix

Standard Fetch Size and Oracle Row Prefetching...................................................................... 28-5

Standard and Oracle Update Batching ........................................................................................ 28-5

Mapping Between Built-in SQL and Java Types........................................................................ 28-6

Common Problems................................................................................................................................ 28-7

Memory Consumption for CHAR Columns Defined as OUT or IN/OUT Variables.......... 28-7

Memory Leaks and Running Out of Cursors.............................................................................. 28-7

Boolean Parameters in PL/SQL Stored Procedures................................................................... 28-7

Opening More Than 16 OCI Connections for a Process............................................................ 28-8

Using statement.cancel() ................................................................................................................ 28-8

Basic Debugging Procedures .............................................................................................................. 28-9

Oracle Net Tracing to Trap Network Events .............................................................................. 28-9

Client-Side Tracing ............................................................................................................... 28-10

TRACE_LEVEL_CLIENT ............................................................................................. 28-10

TRACE_DIRECTORY_CLIENT ................................................................................... 28-10

TRACE_FILE_CLIENT .................................................................................................. 28-10

TRACE_UNIQUE_CLIENT ......................................................................................... 28-11

Server-Side Tracing ............................................................................................................... 28-11

TRACE_LEVEL_SERVER ............................................................................................. 28-11

TRACE_DIRECTORY_SERVER .................................................................................. 28-11

TRACE_FILE_SERVER.................................................................................................. 28-11

Third Party Debugging Tools ..................................................................................................... 28-12

Transaction Isolation Levels and Access Modes ........................................................................... 28-12

A JDBC Error Messages

General Structure of JDBC Error Messages ....................................................................................... A-1

General JDBC Messages ........................................................................................................................ A-1

JDBC Messages Sorted by ORA Number...................................................................................... A-1

JDBC Messages Sorted Alphabetically........................................................................................... A-5

HeteroRM XA Messages ........................................................................................................................ A-9

HeteroRM XA Messages Sorted by ORA Number ...................................................................... A-9

HeteroRM XA Messages Sorted Alphabetically........................................................................... A-9

TTC Messages ........................................................................................................................................ A-10

TTC Messages Sorted by ORA Number...................................................................................... A-10

TTC Messages Sorted Alphabetically........................................................................................... A-11

Index

List of Tables

3–1 Standard Datasource Properties .............................................................................................. 3-3

3–2 Oracle Extended Datasource Properties................................................................................. 3-4

3–3 Supported Database Specifiers ................................................................................................ 3-9

4–1 Import Statements for JDBC Driver ........................................................................................ 4-2

4–2 Connection Properties Recognized by Oracle JDBC Drivers .............................................. 4-3

4–3 Default Mappings Between SQL Types and Java Types................................................... 4-12

4–4 LONG and LONG RAW Data Conversions ....................................................................... 4-16

4–5 Bind-Size Limitations By........................................................................................................ 4-22

5–1 JDBC 3.0 Feature Support......................................................................................................... 5-3

5–2 Key Areas of JDBC 3.0 Functionality ...................................................................................... 5-3

5–3 BLOB Method Equivalents....................................................................................................... 5-7

5–4 CLOB Method Equivalents....................................................................................................... 5-7

6–1 Comparing Methods Used in Statement Caching................................................................. 6-3

6–2 Methods Used in Statement Allocation and Implicit Statement Caching......................... 6-6

6–3 Methods Used to Retrieve Explicitly Cached Statements.................................................... 6-8

8–1 onsctl commands........................................................................................................................ 8-3

9–1 Connection Mode Transitions.................................................................................................. 9-4

9–2 Oracle-XA Error Mapping..................................................................................................... 9-14

10–1 Oracle Datatype Classes......................................................................................................... 10-5

10–2 Key Interfaces and Classes of the oracle.jdbc Package.................................................... 10-11

11–1 getObject() and getOracleObject() Return Types ............................................................... 11-5

11–2 Summary of getXXX() Return Types.................................................................................... 11-6

11–3 Summary of setXXX() Input Parameter Types ................................................................... 11-9

11–4 Size Limitations for setBytes() and setString() Methods................................................. 11-11

13–1 JPublisher SQL Type Categories, Supported Settings, and Defaults ............................ 13-34

17–1 Visibility of Internal and External Changes for Oracle JDBC......................................... 17-19

18–1 The JDBC and Cached Row Sets Compared....................................................................... 18-8

19–1 PL/SQL Types and Corresponding JDBC Types............................................................. 19-10

19–2 Arguments of the setPlsqlIndexTable () Method ............................................................. 19-11

19–3 Arguments of the registerIndexTableOutParameter () Method .................................... 19-12

19–4 Argument of the getPlsqlIndexTable () Method .............................................................. 19-13

19–5 Argument of the getOraclePlsqlIndexTable () Method................................................... 19-14

19–6 Arguments of the getPlsqlIndexTable () Method............................................................. 19-15

20–1 OCI Instant Client Shared Libraries..................................................................................... 20-1

21–1 Maximum Lengths for End-to-End Metrics........................................................................ 21-1

22–1 Valid Column Type Specifications..................................................................................... 22-19

23–1 Client/Server Negotiations for Encryption or Integrity ................................................... 23-3

23–2 OCI Driver Client Parameters for Encryption and Integrity............................................ 23-4

23–3 Thin Driver Client Parameters for Encryption and Integrity........................................... 23-5

25–1 Valid SQL Datatype-Java Class Mappings.......................................................................... 25-1

25–2 Support for SQL Datatypes ................................................................................................... 25-3

25–3 Support for ANSI-92 SQL Datatypes................................................................................... 25-4

25–4 Support for SQL User-Defined Types.................................................................................. 25-5

25–5 Support for PL/SQL Datatypes............................................................................................ 25-5

28–1 Mapping of SQL Datatypes to Java Classes that Represent SQL Datatypes.................. 28-6

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