2008年ZigBee无线网络与收发器技术详解

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《新尼斯·ZigBee无线网络与接收器》（Newnes.ZigBee Wireless Networks and Transceivers, Sep.2008.eBook-DDU）是一本由Shahin Farahani所著的专业书籍，它属于Elsevier出版社的Newnes系列。这本书在2008年发布，涵盖了ZigBee无线通信技术的深入探讨和应用。ZigBee是一种低功耗、低成本的无线通信标准，特别适合于物联网（IoT）领域中的短距离、低速率数据传输，如智能家居、工业自动化和无线传感器网络。 ZigBee网络系统的核心组件是无线网络和接收器，它们共同构建了设备间的通信基础设施。书中详细讲解了ZigBee协议栈的工作原理，包括物理层（PHY）、媒体访问控制层（MAC）和网络/安全层（NWK/SN），这些层的设计目的是确保高效、可靠的数据传输，并且能够在复杂的网络环境中实现设备之间的协作和连接。物理层涉及无线信号的传输，包括射频技术和调制解调技术，而MAC层则负责管理多个设备如何共享无线信道，通过竞争或预定的方式确保数据包的发送和接收。此外，网络层负责路由选择、网络拓扑管理和节点间的消息传递，确保数据能在整个网络中有效地流动。对于接收器部分，书中会深入剖析其设计原理，包括信号捕获、解调、错误检测和纠正，以及数据包的解析。接收器的性能对整个ZigBee网络的性能至关重要，因为它直接影响到数据传输的可靠性和速度。值得注意的是，这本书的部分章节可能包含了Microchip Technology Incorporated的许可内容，这意味着在使用相关技术或复制材料时需要获得Microchip的书面同意，遵循版权规定。同时，未经出版商Elsevier的许可，任何形式的复制、存储、检索或传输都是被禁止的，读者在引用本书内容时应确保遵守这些版权条款。《新尼斯·ZigBee无线网络与接收器》是一本全面介绍ZigBee技术的权威指南，对于理解无线网络架构、设计和优化接收器性能的工程师和技术人员具有重要的参考价值。对于想要深入研究或在实际项目中应用ZigBee技术的人来说，这本书提供了不可或缺的理论和实践知识。

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Foreword

ZigBee

Wireless Technology is the leading global standard for implementing low-cost,

low-data-rate, short-range wireless networks with extended battery life. The ZigBee

Alliance is an association of companies working together to enable reliable, cost-

effective, low-power, wirelessly networked monitoring and control products based on an

open global standard. The specification documents released by the ZigBee Alliance and

IEEE 802.15 WPAN Working Group are the official sources for implementing ZigBee

and IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless networks. However, these lengthy documents can be

overwhelming for people with time constraints or technical backgrounds that are more

product-focused. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive resource that not only

contains the in-depth technical information but also provides high-level overviews of

the fundamentals of ZigBee wireless networking. This book, by Dr. Shahin Farahani,

addresses this need with a concise tutorial on ZigBee technology.

This book provides a complete picture of ZigBee wireless networking, from radio

frequency (RF) and Physical layer (PHY) considerations up to Application layer

development. The book is very well organized and the materials are easy to follow, with

well-balanced coverage of the protocol. In addition, Chapter 3 of this book contains the

frequently used IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee tables and frame formats and can act as a

quick reference for these standards.

This book serves as an introduction to IEEE 802.15.4, the ZigBee standard and its

applications. Just as important, the content is sufficiently thorough to provide deep

understanding of the practical considerations of implementing any size ZigBee wireless

network. For example, one of the more interesting potentials for the technology within

the “ intelligent RFID ” space is to allow the ability to estimate the location of objects

or personnel. Chapter 7 of this book is a good introduction to various approaches that

xviii Preface

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the fundamentals of the ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 standard are reviewed. Chapter 2 is

brief and provides a number of ZigBee wireless networking examples, including home

automation, consumer electronics, and healthcare.

Chapter 3 is a detailed description of IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol layers,

including security features. This chapter acts as a summary of the IEEE 802.15.4 and

ZigBee standard documents. Chapter 3 provides information regarding the 2007 edition

of the ZigBee standard, whenever needed, along with the 2006 edition. Appendix D

summarizes some of the differences between ZigBee-Pro (2007) and ZigBee-2006. If the

level of detail in Chapter 3 exceeds your interest or background, you can skip that chapter

and continue with Chapter 4 as long as you have read Chapter 1.

Basic information regarding transceivers developed for the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is

provided in Chapter 4. An IEEE 802.15.4-compliant transceiver must meet specific

requirements outlined in the standard itself. This chapter helps in understanding these

requirements and in comparing and contrasting performance of various transceivers.

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the sensor output is an analog signal and must

be converted to digital. The basics of analog-to-digital to converters (ADCs) and their

performance metrics are provided in Chapter 4.

Chapter 5 studies the effect of environment on a ZigBee wireless network. In reality,

the performance of a wireless network can be affected by the environment. Chapter 5

provides a number of techniques that can be used to mitigate performance degradation

due to environment. Range estimation and the methods that can be used to improve

the range are also covered in Chapter 5. The antenna can be designed specifically for

each application scenario and may greatly affect the performance of a wireless node.

Fundamental properties of antennas and some of the basic antenna shapes used in short-

range wireless networks are provided in Chapter 5. Regulatory requirements in North

America, Europe, and Japan are also reviewed in this chapter.

A battery-powered node developed for ZigBee wireless networking may operate for

several years before its battery must be replaced. The expected battery life depends on the

application scenario, and Chapter 6 provides a simple way of calculating the estimated

battery life. Battery life is not only a function of hardware-level performance of each

node but also depends on the operation efficiency of the network. Chapter 6 reviews both

hardware- and network-level battery life extension methods.

One of the applications of short-range wireless networking is estimating the location of

moving objects. Chapter 7 provides a number of methods that can be used for location

Preface xix

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estimation using a ZigBee network. In contrast to a global positioning system (GPS), the

short-range location-estimation methods rely solely on the information gathered locally

from other nearby nodes to estimate the location of a moving object.

ZigBee networks operate in an unlicensed band, shared by many other wireless networks

such as WiFi™ for wireless Internet access. Chapter 8 provides an introduction to a

coexistence mechanism and reviews some of the methods used in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless

networking to increase the robustness of the network to interferences. Chapter 9 reviews

some of alternative short-range wireless networking standards, including IPv6 over IEEE

802.15.4 and WirelessHART™. This book contains five appendices. The summary of

the differences between ZigBee-Pro/2007 and ZigBee-2006 is provided in appendix D.

Appendix E reviews the building blocks inside a transceiver using a tutorial approach.

Appendix E is not a prerequisite for Chapter 4.

Supplements

This book comes with a dedicated Website ( www.LearnZigBee.com ) instead of a

companion CD. The applications of short-range wireless networking are growing and

the associated standards and regulations may change over time. A dedicated Website for

the book allows us to provide up-to-date information to readers even after the book is

published. You can also post questions or comments on the LearnZigBee.com Website.

The content of the Website includes, but is not limited to, the following:

●

A simple spreadsheet (calculator) for range and battery life analysis

●

Links to useful tools and additional materials

●

Links to standard documents, including the latest versions of IEEE 802.15.4 and

ZigBee standards

●

Links to regulatory requirements documents, including FCC and ETSI

●

Links to related datasheets (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4 transceivers)

●

Additional references for short-range wireless networking

The simple spreadsheet (calculator) we mentioned was created based on the materials

discussed in this book. For example, you can use this spreadsheet to calculate the

expected battery life of a node or estimate the range improvement if an external power

amplifier (PA) is added to a node. Although the spreadsheet is simple and

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