Apache Solr 4优化指南：提升性能与可靠性

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"Apache Solr 4 Cookbook" Apache Solr 是一个开源的企业级搜索平台，它提供了全文检索、拼写检查、命中高亮、 faceted search（分面搜索）等多种功能，广泛应用于网站、数据库和文档集的高效检索。Apache Solr 4 Cookbook 是一本面向各个层次的 Solr 用户和学习者的实用指南，书中通过超过100个具体的实例和解决方案，旨在帮助读者提升 Solr 的性能、稳定性和搜索结果的质量。这本书涵盖的内容可能包括但不限于以下几个方面： 1. **安装与配置**：指导读者如何下载和安装 Solr 4，设置基本的配置文件，以及启动和管理 Solr 服务器。这可能涉及环境变量设置、JVM 参数调整和 Solr 的核心概念介绍。 2. **索引管理**：讲解如何创建、更新和删除索引，以及如何优化索引结构以提高搜索速度。这可能包括字段类型定义、倒排索引原理、多字段索引策略和动态字段的使用。 3. **查询与搜索**：介绍 Solr 的查询语法和高级查询特性，如布尔运算符、通配符查询、范围查询和高亮显示。同时，还可能探讨如何使用查询解析器和查询筛选器来定制查询行为。 4. **Faceted Search**：详细阐述分面搜索的概念和实现，包括如何配置分面导航、控制分面计数、处理分面嵌套以及优化分面性能。 5. **分布式搜索**：讲解如何利用 SolrCloud 实现 Solr 的分布式部署，以支持大规模数据和高可用性。内容可能包括 ZooKeeper 配置、Sharding 和 Replication 的设置。 6. **性能调优**：提供针对硬件、网络和 Solr 服务器本身的优化建议，包括内存配置、索引缓存策略、并发控制和查询性能监控。 7. **稳定性与可靠性**：讨论故障恢复、监控工具和日志分析，以确保 Solr 系统的稳定运行。 8. **扩展与定制**：介绍如何开发自定义插件，如查询解析器、过滤器函数和结果排序策略，以满足特定业务需求。 9. **数据导入导出**：讲解如何使用 DataImportHandler 导入各种数据源，如关系型数据库和CSV 文件，以及如何进行定期数据更新。 10. **安全性与访问控制**：探讨 Solr 的安全机制，包括认证和授权，以及如何配置 SSL 安全连接。 Apache Solr 4 Cookbook 是一本深度实践性的书籍，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都可以从中获得有价值的洞见和技巧，以提升你在 Solr 应用上的专业能力。

Preface

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines

or items are set in bold:

<processor class="org.apache.solr.update.processor.

TikaLanguageIdentifierUpdateProcessorFactory">

<str name="langid.fl">name,description</str>

<str name="langid.langField">langId</str>

</processor>

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

curl 'localhost:8983/solr/update?commit=true' -H 'Content-

type:application/json' -d '[{"id":"1","file":{"set":"New file name"}}]'

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in

menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: "clicking the Next button

moves you to the next screen".

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tips and tricks appear like this.

Reader feedback

Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this

book—what you liked or may have disliked. Reader feedback is important for us to develop

titles that you really get the most out of.

To send us general feedback, simply send an e-mail to feedback@packtpub.com,

and mention the book title through the subject of your message.

If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or

contributing to a book, see our author guide on www.packtpub.com/authors.

Apache Solr Conguration

During the writing of this chapter, I used Solr version 4.0 and Jetty

version 8.1.5, and those versions are covered in the tips of the following

chapter. If another version of Solr is mandatory for a feature to run, then

it will be mentioned.

We have a simple conguration, simple index structure described by the schema.xml le,

and we can run indexing.

In this chapter you'll see how to congure and use the more advanced Solr modules; you'll

see how to run Solr in different containers and how to prepare your conguration to different

requirements. You will also learn how to set up a new SolrCloud cluster and migrate your

current conguration to the one supporting all the features of SolrCloud. Finally, you will

learn how to congure Solr cache to meet your needs and how to pre-sort your Solr indexes

to be able to use early query termination techniques efciently.

Running Solr on Jetty

The simplest way to run Apache Solr on a Jetty servlet container is to run the provided

example conguration based on embedded Jetty. But it's not the case here. In this recipe,

I would like to show you how to congure and run Solr on a standalone Jetty container.

Getting ready

First of all you need to download the Jetty servlet container for your platform. You can get your

download package from an automatic installer (such as, apt-get), or you can download it

yourself from http://jetty.codehaus.org/jetty/.

How to do it...

The rst thing is to install the Jetty servlet container, which is beyond the scope of this book,

so we will assume that you have Jetty installed in the /usr/share/jetty directory or you

copied the Jetty les to that directory.

Let's start by copying the solr.war le to the webapps directory of the Jetty installation

(so the whole path would be /usr/share/jetty/webapps). In addition to that we need

to create a temporary directory in Jetty installation, so let's create the temp directory in the

Jetty installation directory.

Next we need to copy and adjust the solr.xml le from the context directory of the Solr

example distribution to the context directory of the Jetty installation. The nal le contents

should look like the following code:

Chapter 1

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC "-//Jetty//Configure//EN" "http://www.

eclipse.org/jetty/configure.dtd">

<Set name="war"><SystemProperty name="jetty.home"/>/webapps/solr.

war</Set>

<Set name="defaultsDescriptor"><SystemProperty name="jetty.home"/>/

etc/webdefault.xml</Set>

<Set name="tempDirectory"><Property name="jetty.home" default="."/>/

temp</Set>

</Configure>

Downloading the example code

You can download the example code les for all Packt books you

have purchased from your account at http://www.packtpub.com.

If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit

http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the

les e-mailed directly to you.

Now we need to copy the jetty.xml, webdefault.xml, and logging.properties les

from the etc directory of the Solr distribution to the conguration directory of Jetty, so in our

case to the /usr/share/jetty/etc directory.

The next step is to copy the Solr conguration les to the appropriate directory. I'm talking

about les such as schema.xml, solrconfig.xml, solr.xml, and so on. Those les

should be in the directory specied by the solr.solr.home system variable (in my case

this was the /usr/share/solr directory). Please remember to preserve the directory

structure you'll see in the example deployment, so for example, the /usr/share/solr

directory should contain the solr.xml (and in addition zoo.cfg in case you want to

use SolrCloud) le with the contents like so:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

</cores>

</solr>

All the other conguration les should go to the /usr/share/solr/collection1/conf

directory (place the schema.xml and solrconfig.xml les there along with any additional

conguration les your deployment needs). Your cores may have other names than the default

collection1, so please be aware of that.

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