2023年ABS海上设施建造与分级规则概述

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《美国船级社2023年海上设施建造与分级规则》（ABS Rules for Building and Classing Facilities on Offshore Installations, July 2023）是一份由美国船级社（American Bureau of Shipping, ABS）发布的专业指南，该机构成立于1862年，是纽约州立法机构授权设立的。此规则集涵盖了2023年7月生效的重要变更，并且包括三个部分的详细手册，如表1所示。该规则集的核心内容旨在规范和指导海上设施的设计、建造、运营及维护过程，确保其符合国际海事安全和环保标准。表1列出了适用于此次规则修订的所有手册版本，其中Part 1和Part 7具有特定的重点： 1. Part 1：这部分可能涵盖了基础结构设计、材料选择、结构强度评估等核心内容，为海上设施提供基本的技术规范和性能要求。 2. Part 7：这部分可能是关于系统集成、环境影响评估、安全与消防措施、以及应急响应计划等内容，强调设施的全面安全性和可持续性。在规则的修订过程中，表2展示了规则的划分和编号方式，便于查阅者快速定位具体条款。同时，表3概述了自2023年1月规则以来的主要变化，反映了船级社对最新技术发展、法规更新和行业最佳实践的考虑。《2023年ABS海上设施建造与分级规则》的通知与通用信息部分，作为引言，可能会介绍规则修订的目的、背景、适用范围以及与先前版本的区别。这部分旨在确保所有利益相关者了解新规则的意图，帮助他们适应新的要求并确保设施合规。这份规则集为海上设施的建设者、运营商和监管机构提供了全面的指导，强调了质量、安全、环保和风险管理的重要性，是确保海上设施高效、可靠运行的关键参考资料。阅读者应仔细研究这些规则，以确保设施设计和操作符合ABS的标准，从而提升海上设施的性能和可靠性。

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Chapter 2 provides definitions, references, abbreviations and acronyms associated with these Rules.

●

Chapter

3 covers requirements for hydrocarbon production and processing facilities on floating

installations.

●

Chapter 4 covers requirements for hydrocarbon production and processing facilities on fixed

installations.

●

Chapter 5 covers requirements for survey during and after construction.

3 Classification Boundaries

(1 July 2012)

The boundaries for classification where a hydrocarbon production and/or processing facility is installed on

an offshore installation are defined to include the following major items:

i) For floating installations:

a) Vessel, including hull structure, equipment, and marine machinery, subject to the

requirements of the FPI Rules.

b) Position Mooring System, according to the requirements of the FPI Rules.

c) Hydrocarbon Production and/or Processing Facilities (topside), according to the

requirements of these Rules.

ii) For fixed installations:

a) Structure, subject to the requirements of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing

Offshore Installations (OI Rules).

b) Hydrocarbon Production and/or Processing Facilities (topside), according to the

requirements of these Rules.

iii) Classification of additional equipment and systems may be offered if requested by the owner.

5 Classification Symbols

5.1 Floating Installations

For

floating installations, systems which have been designed, built, installed, and commissioned in

accordance with approved plans to the satisfaction of the ABS surveyors, and which are deemed to meet

the full requirements of the applicable ABS Rules and Guides, or their equivalent, where approved by the

Committee, for service in specified design environmental conditions, will be classed and distinguished in

the ABS Record by the symbols ✠A1 followed by the appropriate notation for the system’s intended

service.

Floating Production, Storage and Offloading System (FPSO)

Floating Production (and Offloading) System (FPS)

Floating Storage and Offloading System (FSO)

5.3 Fixed Installations

For

fixed installations, systems which have been designed, built, installed, and commissioned in

accordance with approved plans to the satisfaction of the ABS surveyors, and which are deemed to meet

the full requirements of the applicable ABS Rules and Guides, or their equivalent, where approved by the

Committee for service in specified design environmental conditions, will be classed and distinguished in

the ABS Record by the symbols ✠A1 followed by the appropriate notation for the system’s intended

service:

Chapter 1 Scope and Conditions of Classification

Section 2 Application, System Classification Boundaries, Symbols, and Notations (1 January

2008)

1-2

ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING F

ACILITIES ON OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS • 2023 5

C H A P T E R 1

Scope and Conditions of Classifica

tion

S E C T I O N 4

Recognition of Risk Based Techniques to Justify Alternatives

1 General

(1 July 2012)

The requirements detailed herein provide an alternative route for an owner to obtain and maintain ABS

Class. Any alternatives to the requirements of these Rules may be specially considered by ABS on the

basis of a risk assessment submitted for review.

i) In case of such alternatives, ABS approval will be contingent upon a demonstration of fitness for

purpose and equivalent level of safety in accordance with the principles of ABS Guides and Rules,

as well as recognized codes and standards.

ii) Risk acceptance criteria are to be developed in line with the principles of the ABS Rules and will

be subject to ABS approval. In instances where a direct alternative recognized code or standard is

used, ABS verification of compliance with the standard will be considered demonstration of

fitness for purpose.

iii) The ABS publication, Guidance Notes on Risk Assessment Application for the Marine and

Offshore Industries, provides an overview of risk assessment techniques and additional

information.

3 Application

(1 July 2012)

A risk-based approach may be applicable either to the installation as a whole or to individual systems,

subsystems, equipment or components.

i) The boundaries of the components and systems of the installation to which a risk-based

assessment is applied are to be logical.

ii) As appropriate, account must be given to remote hazards outside the bounds of the system under

consideration. Such account is to include incidents relating to remote hazards impacting on or

being influenced by the system under consideration.

iii) ABS will consider the application of risk-based techniques in the design of the installation,

surveys during construction, and surveys for maintenance of class.

iv) Portions of the installation not included in the risk assessment are to comply with the applicable

parts of the ABS Rules and Guides.

v) The following are the responsibility of the Owner/Operator:

a) Proposed Risk acceptance criteria

ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING F

ACILITIES ON OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS • 2023 8

b) Hazard identification

c) Risk assessment

d) Risk mitigation and management

e) Compliance of the system under consideration with the applicable requirements of Flag

and Coastal State

5 Submittals

(1 July 2012)

As a minimum, the following documents are to be submitted to the ABS for review and approval for

Classification purpose:

i) Proposed Risk Acceptance Criteria

ii) Methodology for risk assessment

iii) Details of risk assessment

iv) Risk mitigation and/or management measures, wherever applicable

7 Risk Evaluation Methodology

(1 July 2012)

The risk assessment is to consider the installation in all anticipated operating modes.

The designer or owner is to apply a structured and systematic risk assessment process to identify all

foreseeable incidents specific to his installation, making full consideration of the likelihood of occurrence

of the incidents and their consequence.

ABS review and approval of the methodology selected by the designer or owner is required.

While various techniques/methods may be applied, the Owner is to justify the suitability and

appropriateness of the particular method(s) selected. Some typical methods include:

i) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)

ii) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

iii) Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)

iv) Process Hazards Analysis (PHA)

v) Safety Reviews

vi) Checklists

vii) Experience from previous analyses

Where risk assessment techniques are used to cover only part of an installation, the designer or owner is to

clearly define the boundary or extent of the item(s) being considered. The extent of the boundary is to

subject to review and approval by ABS.

9 Identification of Hazards

The

Owner is to identify and consider all hazards that may affect his Installation or any part thereof. The

Owner is to apply a systematic process to identify such situations where a combination or sequence of

events could lead to an Incident, with consideration given to all foreseeable causes (initiating events).

The risk assessments are to consider, at a minimum, the following:

i) Fire and Explosion

ii) Hydrocarbon Release

Chapter 1 Scope and Conditions of Classification

Section 4 Recognition of Risk Based Techniques to Justify Alternatives 1-4

ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING F

ACILITIES ON OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS • 2023 9

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