"计算机图形学中的辐射度量学经典书籍"

计算机图形学

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Introduction 3

________________________________________________________________________

[The program] shall be implemented such that the display device and environment dependencies are

minimized. Wherever possible, these dependencies shall be encapsulated in clearly defined and well-

documented C++ classes.

Most of the code in this book is written in draft ANSI C++. More importantly, it was expressly

designed for ease of porting to other computer environments. It compiles without any errors or warnings

for both 16-bit (Windows 3.1) and 32-bit (Windows NT and Win32s) target environments. The goal was to

develop a radiosity renderer that could be implemented on any platform that supports bitmap graphics

displays. HELIOS explicitly supports this design philosophy.

The real challenge is to you. This book provides an abundance of radiosity algorithms and

implementations. Some features are discussed but not implemented. Others are implemented but not

incorporated in HELIOS. They range from small but significant performance enhancements to major

software development projects. While HELIOS is a fully functional program, it lacks some of the bells and

whistles we normally associate with a commercial product. Thes are opportunities; you can enhance

HELIOS and learn while you do so.

First, however, it might be a good idea to explain what radiosity is …

I.1 Capturing Reality

Think of an empty and darkened room. It has a fluorescent light fixture mounted on the ceiling and a

table sitting on the floor underneath it. The light fixture is turned off. There are no windows, open doors or

any other source of illumination. Now, turn on the light.

4 Introduction

________________________________________________________________________

Figure I.1 - Modeling the flow of light in a room

We all know what happens next. Light flows from the light fixture, filling every corner of the room at

the speed of … well, light. It directly illuminates the walls, floor and table top. The sides of the table are in

shadow, and the ceiling is not directly illuminated. Depending on the surface reflectances, some of the light

will be reflected back into the room; the rest will be absorbed. The reflected light will “bounce” from

surface to surface until it is completely absorbed. In the process, it indirectly illuminates the entire room,

including the table sides and ceiling.

Within this simple model is the realm of our visual experience. Of this light, an almost infinitesimal

portion will find its way to our eye’s retina. Converted into electrochemical signals, it provides visual

images to our brain: we perceive the room in all its visual complexity.

Note the term “perceive”. This is an important but often neglected point. We visually see light that

impinges on our retina; electrochemical reactions generate nerve impulses that travel along the optic nerves

to the visual cortex in our brain. From this, we consciously perceive the information that it conveys.

If you think about it for a moment, we are surrounded by a three-dimensional field of light that we can

never directly perceive. A flashlight beam is invisible until it is reflected by a surface, shines through

translucent glass, or passes through smoke or airborne dust. We can only experience those material objects

that direct light towards our eye; the light itself is an invisible agent in this process.

We commonly think in terms of rays of light that are emitted by a light source. Each ray follows a

straight line through space, possibly bouncing from surface to surface, until it is either completely absorbed

or enters our eye (Fig. I.2). Those rays we see are focused by the cornea onto the retina; together, they

form an image of the objects we perceive.

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