eMMC4.5接口协议详解：JEDEC标准与存储技术

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"嵌入式多媒体卡(eMMC)4.5版本电气标准" eMMC（Embedded Multi-Media Card）是由JEDEC固态技术协会制定的一种接口协议，它定义了存储器和主机之间的通信标准。eMMC4.5是该协议的一个重要版本，发布于2011年6月，其目标在于提升移动设备中存储解决方案的性能和可靠性，同时简化设计流程，促进不同厂商产品间的互换性。 eMMC4.5协议主要包含以下几个关键知识点： 1. **接口速度提升**：相较于之前的版本，eMMC4.5在数据传输速度上有了显著提升。它支持高达400MB/s的数据传输速率，这使得快速读写大量数据成为可能，尤其对于处理高清视频、大型游戏和应用程序等高带宽需求的场景非常有利。 2. **命令集增强**：eMMC4.5引入了更多高级命令，如多块读写、队列管理、以及对错误校正码（ECC）的支持。这些命令使得存储设备能更高效地处理并发操作，提高系统响应速度。 3. **电源管理优化**：考虑到移动设备的电池寿命，eMMC4.5协议在电源管理方面进行了改进。它支持低功耗模式，能够在不使用时降低功耗，从而延长设备的电池使用时间。 4. **故障恢复机制**：eMMC4.5协议增强了错误检测和恢复机制，通过更强的ECC功能来纠正读取错误，保证数据的完整性。此外，还引入了坏块管理和磨损平衡算法，以延长存储单元的使用寿命。 5. **安全特性**：eMMC4.5包含了加密和安全访问控制功能，可以保护存储在其中的敏感数据，防止未经授权的访问和篡改。 6. **兼容性**：尽管eMMC4.5增加了新功能，但仍然保持与早期版本的向后兼容性，允许设备制造商在不影响旧产品的情况下采用新技术。 7. **硬件集成**：eMMC4.5标准的设备将存储控制器集成在封装内部，降低了系统级设计的复杂性，使得硬件设计者可以更专注于其他核心功能的开发。 8. **测试与验证**：JEDEC标准还包括了一套完整的测试规范，确保所有遵循eMMC4.5协议的产品都能达到预设的性能和可靠性标准。 eMMC4.5协议是移动设备和嵌入式系统中存储接口的重要里程碑，它通过提供高速、高效、可靠的存储解决方案，推动了移动设备行业的快速发展。这个标准不仅提升了用户体验，也为制造商提供了标准化的设计平台，降低了开发成本。

JEDEC Standard No. 84-B45

-xii-

EMBEDDED MULTI-MEDIA CARD (e•MMC), ELECTRICAL STANDARD (4.5 Device)

List of Tables (cont'd)

Page

Table 33 - RTC_INFO_TYPE Field Description ....................................................................................... 83

Table 34 - Command Format ...................................................................................................................... 88

Table 35 - Supported Device command classes (0–56) .............................................................................. 89

Table 36 - Basic commands (class 0 and class 1) ....................................................................................... 90

Table 37 - Block-oriented read commands (class 2) ................................................................................... 91

Table 38 - Class 3 commands ..................................................................................................................... 91

Table 39 - Block-oriented write commands (class 4) ................................................................................. 92

Table 40 - Block-oriented write protection commands (class 6) ................................................................ 94

Table 41 - Erase commands (class 5) .......................................................................................................... 95

Table 42- I/O mode commands (class 9) .................................................................................................... 96

Table 43 - Lock Device commands (class 7) .............................................................................................. 96

Table 44 - Application-specific commands (class 8) .................................................................................. 96

Table 45 - Device state transitions .............................................................................................................. 97

Table 46 - R1 response ............................................................................................................................... 99

Table 47 - R2 response ............................................................................................................................... 99

Table 48 - R3 Response ............................................................................................................................ 100

Table 49 - R4 response ............................................................................................................................. 100

Table 50 - R5 response ............................................................................................................................. 100

Table 51 - Device status ............................................................................................................................ 102

Table 52 - Device Status field/command - cross reference ....................................................................... 104

Table 53 - Response 1 Status Bit Valid .................................................................................................... 105

Table 54 - Timing Parameters ................................................................................................................... 116

Table 55 – Timing Parameters for HS200 mode ...................................................................................... 117

Table 56 - H/W reset timing parameters ................................................................................................... 120

Table 57 - OCR register definitions .......................................................................................................... 121

Table 58 - CID Fields ............................................................................................................................... 122

Table 59 - Device Types ........................................................................................................................... 122

Table 60 - CSD Fields ............................................................................................................................... 124

Table 61 - CSD register structure ............................................................................................................. 125

Table 62 - System specification version ................................................................................................... 125

Table 63 - TAAC access-time definition .................................................................................................. 125

Table 64 - Maximum bus clock frequency definition ............................................................................... 126

Table 65 - Supported Device command classes ........................................................................................ 126

Table 66 - Data block length ..................................................................................................................... 127

Table 67 - DSR implementation code table .............................................................................................. 127

Table 68 - V

(min) current consumption ............................................................................................... 128

Table 69 - V

(max) current consumption .............................................................................................. 128

Table 70 - Multiplier factor for device size .............................................................................................. 129

Table 71 - R2W_FACTOR ....................................................................................................................... 130

Table 72 - File formats .............................................................................................................................. 131

Table 73 - ECC type ................................................................................................................................. 131

Table 74 - CSD field command classes .................................................................................................... 132

Table 75 - Extended CSD ......................................................................................................................... 134

JEDEC Standard No. 84-B45

-xiii-

EMBEDDED MULTI-MEDIA CARD (e•MMC), ELECTRICAL STANDARD (4.5 Device)

List of Tables (cont'd)

Page

Table 76 - Device-supported command sets ............................................................................................. 138

Table 77 - HPI features ............................................................................................................................. 138

Table 78 - Background operations support ............................................................................................... 138

Table 79 - Context Management Context Capabilities ............................................................................. 139

Table 80 - Extended CSD Register Support ............................................................................................. 140

Table 81 - Generic Switch Timeout Definition ......................................................................................... 140

Table 82 - Power off long switch timeout definition ................................................................................ 140

Table 83 - Background operations status .................................................................................................. 141

Table 84 - Correctly programmed sectors number ................................................................................... 141

Table 85 - Initialization Time out value .................................................................................................... 141

Table 86 - TRIM/DISCARD Time out value ........................................................................................... 142

Table 87 - SEC Feature Support ............................................................................................................... 142

Table 88 - Boot information ..................................................................................................................... 143

Table 89 - Boot partition size .................................................................................................................... 143

Table 90 - Access size ............................................................................................................................... 144

Table 91 - Superpage size ......................................................................................................................... 144

Table 92 - Erase-unit size ......................................................................................................................... 144

Table 93 - Erase timeout values ................................................................................................................ 145

Table 94 - Reliable write sector count ...................................................................................................... 145

Table 95 - Write protect group size .......................................................................................................... 145

Table 96 - S_C_VCC, S_C_VCCQ timeout values .................................................................................. 146

Table 97 - Sleep/awake timeout values ..................................................................................................... 146

Table 98 - R/W access performance values .............................................................................................. 147

Table 99 - Power classes ........................................................................................................................... 148

Table 100 - Partition switch timeout definition ........................................................................................ 149

Table 101 - Out-of-interrupt timeout definition ........................................................................................ 149

Table 102 – Supported Driver Strengths ................................................................................................... 149

Table 103 - Device types .......................................................................................................................... 150

Table 104 - CSD register structure ........................................................................................................... 150

Table 105 - Extended CSD revisions ........................................................................................................ 150

Table 106 - Standard MMC command set revisions ................................................................................. 151

Table 107 - Power class codes .................................................................................................................. 151

Table 108 - HS_TIMING (timing and driver strength) ............................................................................ 152

Table 109 - HS_TIMING values .............................................................................................................. 152

Table 110 - Bus mode values .................................................................................................................... 152

Table 111 - Erased memory content values .............................................................................................. 152

Table 112 - Boot configuration bytes ....................................................................................................... 153

Table 113 - Boot config protection ........................................................................................................... 154

Table 114 - Boot bus configuration .......................................................................................................... 155

Table 115 - Bus Width and Timing Mode Transition ............................................................................... 156

Table 116- ERASE_GROUP_DEF .......................................................................................................... 156

Table 117 - BOOT area write protection .................................................................................................. 157

Table 118 - User area write protection ...................................................................................................... 159

JEDEC Standard No. 84-B45

-xiv-

EMBEDDED MULTI-MEDIA CARD (e•MMC), ELECTRICAL STANDARD (4.5 Device)

List of Tables (cont'd)

Page

Table 119 - FW Update Disable ............................................................................................................... 160

Table 120 - RPMB Partition Size ............................................................................................................. 160

Table 121 - Write reliability setting .......................................................................................................... 161

Table 122 - Write reliability parameter register ........................................................................................ 162

Table 123 - Background operations enable ............................................................................................... 162

Table 124 - H/W reset function ................................................................................................................. 163

Table 125 - HPI management ................................................................................................................... 163

Table 126 - Partitioning Support ............................................................................................................... 164

Table 127 - Max. Enhanced Area Size ..................................................................................................... 164

Table 128 - Partitions Attribute ................................................................................................................ 165

Table 129 - Partition Setting ..................................................................................................................... 165

Table 130 - General Purpose Partition Size .............................................................................................. 166

Table 131 - Enhanced User Data Area Size .............................................................................................. 166

Table 132 - Enhanced User Data Start Address ........................................................................................ 167

Table 133 - Secure Bad Block management ............................................................................................. 167

Table 134 - Initialization Time out value .................................................................................................. 169

Table 135 – Class 6 usage ......................................................................................................................... 169

Table 136 - EXCEPTION_EVENTS_CTRL[56] ..................................................................................... 170

Table 137 - EXCEPTION_EVENTS_CTRL[57] ..................................................................................... 170

Table 138 - EXCEPTION_EVENTS_STATUS[54] ................................................................................ 170

Table 139 - EXCEPTION_EVENT_STATUS[55] .................................................................................. 170

Table 140 - First Byte EXT_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE[52] .............................................................. 171

Table 141 - Second Byte EXT_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE[53] .......................................................... 171

Table 142 - CONTEXT_CONF configuration format .............................................................................. 172

Table 143- Packed Command Status Register .......................................................................................... 172

Table 144 - Valid POWER_OFF_NOTIFICATION values ..................................................................... 173

Table 145 - Error correction codes ........................................................................................................... 174

Table 146 - DSR register content .............................................................................................................. 181

Table 147 - General operating conditions ................................................................................................. 183

Table 148 - e•MMC power supply voltage ............................................................................................... 185

Table 149 - e•MMC voltage combinations ............................................................................................... 185

Table 150 - Capacitance ............................................................................................................................ 186

Table 151 - Open-drain bus signal level ................................................................................................... 187

Table 152 - Push-pull signal level—high-voltage e•MMC ...................................................................... 187

Table 153 - Push-pull signal level—1.65-1.95 VCCQ voltage Range ..................................................... 188

Table 154 - Push-pull signal level—1.1V-1.3V VCCQ range e•MMC .................................................... 188

Table 155 – I/O driver strength types ....................................................................................................... 189

Table 156 - Driver Type-0 AC Characteristics ........................................................................................ 190

Table 157 - High-speed Device interface timing ...................................................................................... 191

Table 158 - Backward-compatible Device interface timing ..................................................................... 192

Table 159 - High-speed dual rate interface timing .................................................................................... 193

Table 160 - HS200 Clock signal timing .................................................................................................... 194

Table 161 - HS200 Device input timing ................................................................................................... 196

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