TCP视频流客观多层QoE评估方法及网络性能参数影响研究

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本文主要探讨了TCP视频流的客观多层质量体验（Quality of Experience, QoE）评估问题。随着网络技术的发展，确保在传输控制协议（Transmission Control Protocol, TCP）支持的视频流媒体服务中实现高效、准确的QoE评估变得尤为重要。作者Peng Yu, Fan Liu, Yang Geng, Wenjing Li, Xuesong Qiu来自北京邮电大学的网络与交换技术国家重点实验室，他们在北京100876的研究工作中提出了一个针对TCP视频流的客观层次化评估方法。首先，论文关注的是视频播放性能参数对QoE的影响。作者识别并定义了三个新颖的应用层指标，这些指标旨在全面反映视频质量的主观感受，如流畅度、画面质量以及交互性等。这些指标有助于量化用户体验，从而为QoE评估提供客观依据。其次，作者深入研究了网络状态对视频播放性能的潜在影响。他们提出了一组高级的网络层参数，如带宽利用率、延迟、丢包率等，这些参数对于理解网络条件对视频流传输质量的影响至关重要。通过分析和推断，作者揭示了网络层参数与应用层指标之间的内在关联，这为建立两者之间的量化模型提供了基础。接着，为了进一步验证和细化评估模型，文章进行了主观测试。在实际的视频播放场景中，参与者被要求根据实际观看体验对视频质量进行评价，这些主观反馈与应用层和网络层的客观测量相结合，形成了对TCP视频流QoE的全面评估体系。这种结合了主观和客观评价的多层评估方法，使得结果更为准确且全面，能够为视频流服务提供商优化网络策略和提升用户满意度提供有力支持。总结来说，本文的主要贡献在于提出了一种TCP视频流的客观多层QoE评估框架，通过结合应用层和网络层参数，有效解决了如何在动态网络环境中评估服务质量的问题。这种方法不仅有助于提升视频流媒体服务质量，也为未来的QoE评估研究提供了有价值的方法论参考。

An Objective Multi-layer QoE Evaluation For TCP

Video Streaming

Peng Yu, Fan Liu, Yang Geng, Wenjing Li, Xuesong Qiu

State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Beijing 100876, China

Abstract— It’s a challenge to effectively assess Quality of

Experience (QoE) for TCP video streaming with network

performance parameters, to resolve this problem, an objective

hierarchical Evaluation for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

video streaming is proposed under video playback scenarios.

QoE assessment for TCP video streaming is resolved into two

sub-steps. In the first place, in consideration of video playback

performance parameters affecting QoE, the authors demonstrate

three novel application-layer metrics. Further, impact of network

status on video playback performance is investigated and the

authors propose high level network-layer parameters. Then the

correlation between the network-layer parameters and

application-layer metrics is characterized through analysis and

inference. In the secondly place, subjective tests are conducted to

evaluate QoE from application-layer metrics. Ultimately, the

authors validate analysis and model by simulations and

experiments in real networks. The experimental study shows that

the proposed method performs well in assessing QoE of TCP

video streaming.

Keywords—QoE; TCP; application-layer metrics; network

parameters; subjective experiment

I. INTRODUCTION

Internet video has been fast growing last years. It was

predicted that consumer Internet video traffic would comprise

around 69 percent of all consumer Internet traffic in 2017,up

from 57 percent in 2012 [1]. With the ever-increasing of video

traffic, whether video stream quality is acceptable by end users

or not is of great importance and urgency for network

operators, content providers, streaming servers and ISPs [2].

As applications such as IP-based TV, video sharing

websites and P2P streaming are promptly and widely adopted

in the Internet, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) video

streaming over TCP is becoming more and more popular. In

this paper, we focus on QoE assessment of TCP video

streaming.

To evaluate QoE for HTTP/TCP videos with network

performance parameters under video playback scenarios, the

authors propose an objective hierarchical QoE Evaluation for

TCP video streaming. In consideration of video playback

performance parameters affecting QoE, the authors present

three novel application-layer metrics: initial buffer delay, mean

re-buffering duration and re-buffering frequency. Further, how

network status impacts video playback performance is

investigated and the authors demonstrate network-layer

metrics. Then the correlation from the network-layer

parameters to application-layer metrics is analytically

characterized. Besides, the authors perform subjective tests to

evaluate QoE from application-layer metrics. Ultimately, the

authors validate analysis and model by simulations and

experiments in real networks. The experimental study shows

that the proposed method performs well in assessing QoE of

TCP video streaming.

The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. Section

II describes related works and highlights the method adopted in

this article. Section III contributes the correlation between

network-layer parameters and application-layer metrics by

analytic derivation, and simulation experiments are conducted

to validate theoretical analysis. Section IV illustrates subjective

experiments to evaluate QoE from application-layer metrics.

Besides, the simulation results and our main findings are also

demonstrated in this section. Our conclusion is drawn in

section V.

II. R

ELATED WORK

Conventionally, Internet video traffic runs over user

datagram protocol (UDP) instead of TCP. The trend of TCP

streaming rely on the fact that the deployment and use of

HTTP/TCP multimedia applications is easier than UDP based

multimedia applications in consideration of the wide use of

network address translation (NAT) and firewalls[3]. Distinct

from UDP-based streaming, reliable connection-oriented TCP-

based streaming presents new features. Retransmission

mechanism handles packet loss, and avoid occurrence of frame

miss, thus video quality not degrading in various network

environments. Moreover, progressive download technology

achieves that end users can watch incompletely downloaded

video clips.

With the combination of subjective and objective analysis,

many metrics have been proposed for QoE assessment of UDP-

based video streaming, such as the Peak Signal-to-Noise-Ratio

(PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM)

[4]. These assessment methods mainly rely on video artifacts

such as such as slice error, blocking, ghosting and freeze frame.

These metrics cannot actually apply TCP video QoE

assessment with reliable transmission.

To improve quality of TCP-based video streaming

application, metrics such as startup delay (namely, the initial

buffer delay), the buffer under-flow probability and the buffer

978-3-901882-76-0 @2015 IFIP

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