PREFACE
v
they also become more technology-dependent. For this reason, the major portion
of the text deals with a high level look at computer architecture, while the appen-
dices and case studies cover lower level, technology-dependent aspects.
THE CHAPTERS
Chapter 1: I
ntroduction
introduces the textbook with a brief history of com-
puter architecture, and progresses through the basic parts of a computer, leaving
the student with a high level view of a computer system. The conventional von
Neumann model of a digital computer is introduced, followed by the System Bus
Model, followed by a topical exploration of a typical computer. This chapter lays
the groundwork for the more detailed discussions in later chapters.
Chapter 2
: D
ata Representation
covers basic data representation. One’s comple-
ment, two’s complement, signed magnitude and excess representations of signed
numbers are covered. Binary coded decimal (BCD) representation, which is fre-
quently found in calculators, is also covered in Chapter 2. The representation of
floating point numbers is covered, including the IEEE 754 floating point stan-
dard for binary numbers. The ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode character repre-
sentations are also covered.
Chapter 3
: Ar
ithmetic
covers computer arithmetic and advanced data represen-
tations. Fixed point addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are cov-
ered for signed and unsigned integers. Nine’s complement and ten’s complement
representations, used in BCD arithmetic, are covered. BCD and floating point
arithmetic are also covered. High performance methods such as carry-lookahead
addition, array multiplication, and division by functional iteration are covered. A
short discussion of residue arithmetic introduces an unconventional high perfor-
mance approach.
Chapter 4
:
The Instruction Set Architecture
introduces the basic architectural
components involved in program execution. Machine language and the
fetch-execute cycle are covered. The organization of a central processing unit is
detailed, and the role of the system bus in interconnecting the arithmetic/logic
unit, registers, memory, input and output units, and the control unit are dis-
cussed.
Assembly language programming is covered in the context of the instructional
ARC (A RISC Computer), which is loosely based on the commercial SPARC
architecture. The instruction names, instruction formats, data formats, and the
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