Xcode10.1开发指南：深入Instruments使用教程

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"macOS Xcode 10.1开发指南中文版提供了全面的Xcode使用教程，包括Instruments的详细操作，从基础到高级，覆盖了数据跟踪、UI记录、性能分析等多个方面。" 在Xcode开发中，Instruments是一款强大的性能分析工具，它能帮助开发者诊断和优化应用的性能问题。本指南详细介绍了如何使用Instruments，包括以下几个关键知识点： 1. **Instruments快速入门**：这部分讲解了如何启动Instruments，创建跟踪文档，并展示了浏览跟踪文档窗口的基本操作。通过一个简单的跟踪示例，引导开发者了解如何快速上手。 2. **添加和配置Instruments工具**：这部分深入介绍了如何使用Instruments库，包括改变库视图模式、搜索特定工具、创建自定义工具分组以及添加和删除工具。同时，还讲解了如何配置工具以适应不同需求。 3. **记录跟踪数据**：这部分涵盖了选择跟踪进程的不同方法，如跟踪所有进程、跟踪现有进程或新进程，并允许为每个工具指定不同的目标。此外，还介绍了如何收集数据，使用快速启动键启动Instruments，以最小化模式运行，以及从Xcode内直接运行Instruments分析iOS设备（包括无线连接）。 4. **记录用户界面轨迹**：Instruments可以记录用户的交互行为，这部分讲解了如何记录和重复播放用户界面轨迹，这对于分析用户体验和定位UI问题非常有帮助。 5. **查看和分析跟踪数据**：这部分主要介绍了各种数据分析工具，如跟踪面板、详细面板、扩展详细面板和运行浏览器，以及如何使用Sampler和Allocation等工具进行性能分析，如查找内存泄漏和分析Core Data应用。 6. **保存和导入跟踪数据**：开发者可以保存跟踪文档以供后续分析，或者导出数据与他人分享。同时，指南还介绍了如何从SAMPLE工具导入数据和利用DTRACE数据。 7. **使用DTRACE创建自定义Instruments工具**：这部分介绍了自定义Instruments工具的概念，并提供了创建自定义工具的步骤，包括添加和删除探针、指定探针提供者等。这些内容对于iOS和macOS开发者来说是极其宝贵的资源，通过学习，开发者可以有效地提升代码质量和应用性能，解决运行时的问题，从而提供更稳定、高效的软件产品。

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资源推荐

Instruments User Guide

    李良庭整理发布 7

recommendations for addressing problems.

OpenGL ES

Driver

iOS

Adds the OpenGL ES Driver and Sampler instruments to your document.

Use this template to determine how efficiently you’re using OpenGL and the

GPU on iOS devices.

Sudden

Terminatio

Mac OS X

Adds the Sudden Termination and Activity Monitor instruments to your

document. Use this template to analyze sudden termination support. It

reports unprotected file-system access the target process should be, but is

not, guarding with calls to disable sudden termination. It also provides

activity monitoring across all processes, including sudden termination status

for each.

Syste

Usage

iOS

Adds the I/O Activity instrument to your document. Use this template to

record calls to functions that operate on files in a process running on an iOS

device.

Threads

Mac OS X,

iOS Simulator

Adds the Thread States instrument to your document. Use this template to

analyze thread state transitions within a process, including running and

terminated threads, thread state, and associated backtraces.

Time Profiler

Mac OS X,

iOS,

iOS

Adds the Time Profiler instrument to your document. Use this template to

perform low-overhead time-based sampling of one or all processes.

UI Recorder Mac OS X

Adds the User Interface instrument to your document. Use this template as a

starting point for recording a series of user interactions with your application.

You can use this feature to reproduce a series of events multiple times,

gathering a new set of data during each successive run. You can then

compare the sets of data knowing that the behavior that generated them was

identical. Typically, you would start with this template and add

additional instruments to your document to gather data.

Zombies

Mac OS X,

iOS Simulator

Adds the Allocations instrument to your document. Use this template to

measure general memory usage while focusing on the detection of over-

released "zombie" objects.

如果你不想让在你新建一个文档的时候询问你使用那个模板，你可

以在的偏好设置里面勾选666)8选项来禁

止模板选择。关于更多在文档里面添加和配置工具的

 $的信息，参阅添加和配置%部分。

1.3 浏览跟踪文档窗口

跟踪文档自己包含一个收集和分析数据的空间。你使用这些文档来组织和配置你

需要用来收集数据的 工具，并且可以使用这些文档来查看你已经收集

的高级和低级的数据。

图 显示了典型的跟踪文档。一个跟踪文档窗口显示很多信息，所以需要很好

的组织。正如你使用跟踪文档来工作一样，信息流从左到右。在你的文档窗口里面，

Instruments User Guide

    李良庭整理发布 8

越右边的窗口数据越详细。表 提供了该窗口关键区域的介绍。

Figure 1-1 The Instruments window while tracing

表 列出了图 中显示的关键特性，并提供了一个更深入使用这些特性的

讨论。

Table 1-2 Trace document key features

Feature Description

Instruments

pane

This pane holds the instruments you want to run. You can drag instruments into this pane

or delete them. You can click the inspector button in an instrument to configure its data

display and gathering parameters. To learn more about instruments, see“Add i ng

a nd

Confi g uri ng Instrumen t s.”

Track pane

The track pane displays a graphical summary of the data returned by the current instruments.

Each instrument has its own “track,” which provides a chart of the data collected by that

instrument. The information in this pane is read-only. You do use this pane to select

specific data points you want to examine more closely, however. The track pane is

described in more detail in “ T

he T rack Pane.”

Detail pane

The Detail pane shows the details of the data collected by each instrument. Typically,

this pane displays the explicit set of “events” that were gathered and used to create the

graphical view in the track pane. If the current instrument allows you to customize the way

detailed data is displayed, those options are also listed in this pane. For more information

about this pane, see “ T

he De t ail

Pane.”

Extended

Detail

pane

The Extended Detail pane shows even more detailed information about the item currently

selected in the Detail pane. Most commonly, this pane displays the complete stack trace,

timestamp, and other instrument-specific data gathered for the given event. The Extended

Detail pane is described in “ T he E

x ten d ed D e t ail P a ne.”

Navigation The navigation bar shows you where you are and how you got there. It includes two

Instruments User Guide

    李良庭整理发布 9

bar menus—the active instrument menu and the detail view menu. You can click entries in the

navigation bar to select the active instrument and the level and type of information in the

detail view.

跟踪文档的工具栏（)>）可以让你增加和控制工具，打开视

图，并配置跟踪面板。图标示了这些工具栏中不同的控件，在表!里面提供

了如何使用这些控件的详细说明。

Figure 1-2 The Instruments

toolbar

Table 1-3 Trace document toolbar controls

Control Description

Pause/Resume

button

Pauses the gathering of data during a recording. This button does not actually stop

recording, it simply stops Instruments from gathering data while a recording is under way.

In the track pane, pauses show up as a gap in the trace data.

Record/

Stop button

Starts and stops the recording process. You use this button to begin gathering trace

data. For more information, see “ C ollect i ng D a t a.”

Loop button

Sets whether the user interface recorder should loop during play back to repeat the

recorded steps continuously. Use this to gather multiple runs of a given set of steps. For

information about playing tracks, see “Rep la y i ng a U s

er Interface T r ack.”

Target menu

Selects the trace target for the document. The trace target is the process (or processes)

for which data is gathered. For more information on choosing a trace target,

see “C h oos i ng

W hich Process

to T r ace .”

Inspection Range

control

Selects a time range in the track pane. When set, Instruments displays only data

collected within the specified time period. Use the buttons of this control to set the start

and end points of the inspection range and to clear the inspection range. For more

information, see “ V i e

w i ng D a t a for a Ran ge of T ime.”

Time/Run control

Shows the elapsed time of the current trace. If your trace document has multiple data

runs associated with it, you can use the arrow controls to choose the run whose data you

want to display in the track pane. For information about trace runs, see “ V i e

w i ng

T r a c

Runs.”

View control

Hides or shows the Instruments pane, Detail pane, and Extended Detail pane.

This control makes it easier to focus on the area of interest.

Library button

Hides or shows the instrument library. For information on using the Library

window, see “Usi ng the

Instrument Lib r

a r

y .”

Search field

Filters information in the Detail pane based on a search term that you provide. Use the

search field’s menu to select search options. For more information, see“

Search i ng

t he

De t ail P a ne.”

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