Throughout this manual, we've provided sample code to illustrate programming with the OpenCard Framework reference
implementation. Notice that the code is incomplete and thus would not compile. For the sake of brevity, we've shown only
those code snippets relevant to illustrate some point and haven't always shown how some instance variables were initialized.
However, we have tried to include sufficient comments and variable declarations to make the code illustrations self-
explanatory.
Assumptions
We assume that the reader is already familiar with the Java programming language and development environment.
However, the reader may need some help in familiarizing himself with smart card technology and the terminology used in this
field in order to better understand the concepts presented in this document.
Where you can get OpenCard Framework
The OpenCard Consortium maintains a web-site at http://www.opencard.org/ which includes a download section from which
you can obtain documentation, binaries, class files, and source code.
You can access sample code for the Java Developer at http://www.javaworld.com/jw-10-1998/javadev/javadev.zip.
Font conventions used in this manual
Italics are used for
new terms, when they are defined;
the titles of documents, papers, and books appearing in references.
Typewriter font is used for
anything (in particular source code) that would be typed verbatim.
Smallcaps are used for
names (such as company names, product names, registered trademarks, etc.).
Related documents
OpenCard Framework 1.0 - White Paper. This paper provides a gentle introduction to the OpenCard Framework, describing
its objectives, the architecture, and the reference implementation.
Feedback
Please help us improve the quality of this manual by telling us about any flaws you can spot or by making suggestions as to
how you think the material could be presented better.
Send any corrections, amendments, suggestions, or comments to this e-mail address:
opencard-info@opencard.org
Introduction
This chapter prepares the stage for OCF. We'll briefly talk about the fundamentals of smart card application development in
general and show how the OpenCard Framework comes in and simplifies the task. Everyone should read this chapter, though
readers familiar with developing smart card applications may want to skip the first section.
Developing smart card applications
Smart card applications consist of a card-external application interacting with a card-resident component. The card-external
application comprises the program code running on some computing platform such as a personal computer, a network
computer, an ATM (automatic-teller machine), or a personal digital assistant. The card-resident component comprises data
and functions in the smart card itself2 .
Let's take a closer look at what's involved when the application interacts with the smart card. Don't be worried by the
technical details presented here, because the OpenCard Framework will hide most of the complexity from you. The intent
here is to provide some background and understanding of what is happening so that the need for and the usefulness of OCF
can be appreciated.
Interactions with the smart card occur by exchanging pairs of APDUs (application protocol data units) and are initiated by the
external application. Communication with the smart card is accomplished via the card reader, an I/O device attached to the
评论3