Page
ii
NASA
Systems Engineering Handbook
Budgeting and Resource Planning
....................................................................................................................................
35
Risk Management
..............................................................................................................................................................
37
Types of Risks
.......................................................................................................................................................
39
Risk Identification and Characterization Techniques
...........................................................................................
40
Risk Analysis Techniques
.....................................................................................................................................
41
Risk Mitigation and Tracking Techniques
..................................................................
.........................................
42
Configuration Management
...............................................................................................................................................
44
Baseline Evolution
.................................................................................................................................................
45
Techniques of Configuration Management
...........................................................................................................
45
Data Management
..................................................................................................................................................
48
Reviews, Audits. and Control Gates
.................................................................................................................................
48
Purpose
and Definitions
.........................................................................................................................................
48
General Principles for Reviews
.............................................................................................................................
49
Major Control Gates
..............................................................................................................................................
50
Interim Reviews
.....................................................................................................................................................
55
Cost and Schedule Control Measures
...................................................................................................................
59
Technical Performance Measures
.........................................................................................................................
61
Systems Engineering Process Metrics
..................................................................................................................
64
Risk Management: Summary
................................................................................................................................
44
Status Reporting and Assessment
.....................................................................................................................................
58
Systems Analysis and Modeling Issues
.....................................................................................................................................
67
The Trade Study Process
...................................................................................................................................................
67
Controlling the Trade Study Process
....................................................................................................................
70
Using Models
.........................................................................................................................................................
71
Selecting the Selection Rule
..................................................................................................................................
73
Trade Study Process: Summary
............................................................................................................................
77
Cost Definition and Modeling
...........................................................................................................................................
77
Controlling Life-Cycle Costs
.................................................................................................................................
79
Life-Cycle Cost and Other Cost Measures
...........................................................................................................
77
Cost Estimating
......................................................................................................................................................
80
Effectiveness Definition and Modeling
............................................................................................................................
83
Strategies for Measuring System Effectiveness
....................................................................................................
83
NASA System Effectiveness Measures
................................................................................................................
84
Availability and Logistics Supportability Modeling
............................................................................................
85
Probabilistic Treatment of Cost and Effectiveness
..........................................................................................................
87
Sources of Uncertainty in Models
.........................................................................................................................
88
Modeling Techniques for Handling Uncertainty
..................................................................................................
88
Integrating Engineering Specialties Into the Systems Engineering Process
.......................................................................
91
Role of the Engineering Specialties
..................................................................................................................................
91
Reliability Program Planning
................................................................................................................................
92
Designing Reliable Space-Based Systems
............................................................................................................
94
Reliability Analysis Tools and Techniques
..........................................................................................................
94
Role of the Quality Assurance Engineer
...............................................................................................................
95
Reliability
...........................................................................................................................................................................
91
Role of the Reliability Engineer
............................................................................................................................
91
Quality Assurance
..............................................................................................................................................................
95
Quality Assurance Tools and Techniques
.............................................................................................................
96
Maintainability
...................................................................................................................................................................
96
Role of the Maintainability Engineer
....................................................................................................................
96
The System Maintenance Concept and Maintenance Plan
..................................................................................
97
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