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[MATLAB图书合集].Applied-Quantum-Mechanics-2nd-Ed.Solutions.Manual.
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[MATLAB图书合集].Applied-Quantum-Mechanics-2nd-Ed.Solutions.Manual.
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Applied quantum mechanics 1
Applied Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 1 Problems and Solutions
LAST NAME FIRST NAME
Useful constants MKS (SI)
Speed of light in free space
Planck’s constant
Electron charge
Electron mass
Neutron mass
Proton mass
Boltzmann constant
Permittivity of free space
Permeability of free space
Speed of light in free space
Avagadro’s number
Bohr radius
Inverse fine-structure constant
c 2.9979245810
8
× m s
1
–
=
h
6.5821188926()10
1
6
–
× eV s=
h
1.05457159682()10
3
4
–
× J s=
e 1.60217646263()10
1
9
–
× C=
m
0
9.1093818872()10
3
1
–
× kg=
m
n
1.6749271613()10
2
7
–
× kg=
m
p
1.6726215813()10
2
7
–
× kg=
k
B
1.380650324()10
2
3
–
× J K
1
–
=
k
B
8.61734215()10
5
–
× eV K
1
–
=
ε
0
8.854187810
1
2
–
× F m
1
–
=
µ
0
4π 10
7
–
× H m
1
–
=
c 1 ε
0
µ
0
⁄=
N
A
6.0221419979()10
2
3
× mol
1
–
=
a
B
0.5291772119()
1
0
–
×10 m=
a
B
4πε
0
h
2
m
0
e
2
-----------------=
α
1
–
137.03599765
0
(
)
=
α
1–
4
πε
0
h
c
e
2
------------------=
2
PROBLEM 1
A metal ball is buried in an ice cube that is in a bucket of water.
(a) If the ice cube with the metal ball is initially under water, what happens to the water level
when the ice melts?
(b) If the ice cube with the metal ball is initially floating in the water, what happens to the water
level when the ice melts?
(c) Explain how the Earth’s average sea level could have increased by at least 100 m compared
to about 20,000 years ago.
(d) Estimate the thickness and weight per unit area of the ice that melted in (c). You may wish
to use the fact that the density of ice is 920 kg m
-3
, today the land surface area of the Earth is about
148,300,000 km
2
and water area is about 361,800,000 km
2
.
PROBLEM 2
Sketch and find the volume of the largest and smallest convex plug manufactured from a sphere
of radius r = 1 cm to fit exactly into a circular hole of radius r = 1 cm, an isosceles triangle with
base 2 cm and a height h = 1 cm, and a half circle radius r = 1 cm and base 2 cm.
PROBLEM 3
An initially stationary particle mass m
1
is on a frictionless table surface and another particle
mass m
2
is positioned vertically below the edge of the table. The distance from the particle mass
m
1
to the edge of the table is l. The two particles are connected by a taught, light, inextensible
string of length L > l.
(a) How much time elapses before the particle mass m
1
is launched off the edge of the table?
(b) What is the subsequent motion of the particles?
(c) How is your answer for (a) and (b) modified if the string has spring constant κ?
PROBLEM 4
The velocity of water waves in shallow water may be approximated as where g is the
acceleration due to gravity and h is the depth of the water. Sketch the lowest frequency standing
water wave in a 5 m long garden pond that is 0.9 m deep and estimate its frequency.
PROBLEM 5
(a) What is the dispersion relation of a wave whose group velocity is half the phase velocity?
(b) What is the dispersion relation of a wave whose group velocity is twice the phase velocity?
(c) What is the dispersion relation when the group velocity is four times the phase velocity?
PROBLEM 6
A stationary ground-based radar uses a continuous electromagnetic wave at 10 GHz frequency
to measure the speed of a passing airplane moving at a constant altitude and in a straight line at
1000 km hr
-1
. What is the maximum beat frequency between the out going and reflected radar
beams? Sketch how the beat frequency varies as a function of time. What happens to the beat fre-
quency if the airplane moves in an arc?
vgh=
Applied quantum mechanics 3
PROBLEM 7
How would Maxwell’s equations be modified if magnetic charge g (magnetic monopoles) were
discovered? Derive an expression for conservation of magnetic current and write down a general-
ized Lorentz force law that includes magnetic charge. Write Maxwell’s equations with magnetic
charge in terms of a field .
PROBLEM 8
The capacitance of a small metal sphere in air is . A thin dielectric film
with relative permittivity uniformly coats the sphere and the capacitance increases to
. What is the thickness of the dielectric film and what is the single electron charging
energy of the dielectric coated metal sphere?
PROBLEM 9
(a) A diatomic molecule has atoms with mass m
1
and m
2
. An isotopic form of the molecule has
atoms with mass m'
1
and m'
2
. Find the ratio of vibration oscillation frequency ω / ω' of the two
molecules.
(b) What is the ratio of vibrational frequencies for carbon monoxide isotope 12 () and
carbon monoxide isotope 13 ()?
PROBLEM 10
(a) Find the frequency of oscillation of the particle of mass m illustrated in the Fig. The particle
is only free to move along a line and is attached to a light spring whose other end is fixed at point A
located a distance l perpendicular to the line. A force F
0
is required to extend the spring to length l.
(b) Part (a) describes a new type of child’s swing. If the child weighs 20 kg, the length l = 2.5
m, and the force F
0
= 450 N, what is the period of oscillation?
G εE i µH+=
C
0
1.110
1
8
–
F×=
ε
r
1
1
0
=
2.210
1
8
–
F×
C O
16
1
2
C O
16
1
3
Fixed
Displacement, -x
Mass, m
Length, l
point A
Spring
4
SOLUTIONS
Solution 1
(a) The water level decreases. If ice has volume V then net change in volume of water in the
bucket is .
(b) Again, the mass of the volume of liquid displaced equals the mass of the floating object.
Assuming the metal has a density greater than that of water, the water level decreases when the ice
melts.
(c) If there is just ice floating in the bucket, the water level does not change when the ice melts.
This fact combined with the results from part (a) and (b) allows us to conclude that only the ice
melting over land contributes to increasing the sea level.
(d) Today 71% water, 29% land, ratio is 2.45. The average thickness of ice on land is simply
100 m × 2.45 = 245 m. If one assumes half the land area under ice, then average thickness of ice is
490 m. If this is distributed uniformly from thin to thick ice, then one might expect maximum ice
thicknesses near 1000 m (i.e. ~ 3300 ft high mountains of ice). Ice weighs one metric tone per
cubic meter so the weight per unit area is the thickness in meters multiplied by tones.
Solution 2
We are asked to sketch and find the volume of the largest and smallest convex plug manufac-
tured from a sphere of radius r = 1 cm to fit exactly into a circular hole of radius r = 1 cm, an isos-
celes triangle with base 2 cm and a height h = 1 cm, and a half circle radius r = 1 cm and base 2 cm.
The minimum volume is 1.333 cm
3
corresponding to a geometry consisting of triangles placed
on a circular base as shown in the Fig.
To calculate this minimum volume of the plug consider the triangle at position x from the origin
has height k, base length 2l, and area kl.
∆
VV
ρ
ice
ρ
water
⁄
1
–
(
)
=
2 cm
r = 1 cm
h = 1 cm
2r = 2 cm
Applied quantum mechanics 5
Volume of the plug is
Since r = 1 cm the total volume is exactly 4/3 = 1.333 cm
3
.
To find the maximum volume of the plug manufactured from a sphere of radius r = 1 cm we
note that the geometry is a half sphere with two slices cut off as shown in the following Fig. The
geometry is found by passing the sphere along the three orthogonal directions x, y, and z and cutting
using a circle, a triangle, and a half circle, and a triangle respectively. As will be shown, the volume
is 1.608 cm
3
. This is the maximum convex volume of the plug manufactured from a sphere of
radius r = 1 cm.
To calculate the volume we first calculate the volume sliced off the half sphere as illustrated in
following Fig.
x
rr
r
h
ll
k
(r - x)
l
2
k
2
r x+()r x–()r
2
x
2
–===
Vol 2 k
2
xd
0
r
∫
2 r
2
x
2
–()xd
0
r
∫
2 r
2
x
x
3
3
----–
0
r
4
3
--- r
3
====
2 cm
r = 1 cm
h = 1 cm
2r = 2 cm
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