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地铁及铁路通信分析(理论
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地铁及铁路通信分析(理论地铁及铁路通信分析(理论地铁及铁路通信分析(理论
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Information Society Technologies (IST, 5
th
Framework Programme for RTD&D ,1998-2002)
ESCORT IST 1999-20006 11/10/2002 1/134
IST programme (5th FP)
ESCORT
Enhanced diversity and Space Coding for
underground metrO and Railway Transmission
IST 1999-20006
D 6021
Final Report
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Information Society Technologies (IST, 5
th
Framework Programme for RTD&D ,1998-2002)
ESCORT IST 1999-20006 11/10/2002 2/134
VERSION CONTROL
Date Version Comment By
0.1 Marion Berbineau
Michael Engels
Marc Chenu
Luis Castedo
Pedro Crespo
Pierre Degauque
Philippe Morgand
VISA CONTROL
VERSION NUMBER ACCEPTED BY MODIFIED BY
0.1
JEAN JACQUES MONOT
0.2
LUIS CASTEDO
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Information Society Technologies (IST, 5
th
Framework Programme for RTD&D ,1998-2002)
ESCORT IST 1999-20006 11/10/2002 3/134
LIST OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................7
2. EXISTING AND EMERGING TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND USERS NEEDS ............................................8
2.1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................8
2.2. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRACK-TO-TRAIN TRANSMISSION........................................................................8
2.2.1. Transmission for train control-command equipment, safety and management..................................8
2.2.2. Transmission for passengers........................................................................................................................8
2.3. THE DIFFERENT TRANSMISSION MEDIA..............................................................................................................9
2.3.1. Spot communication or beacon-based systems........................................................................................9
2.3.2. Continuous wired induction systems.........................................................................................................9
2.3.3. radio-based systems.......................................................................................................................................9
2.4. SYNTHESIS OF THE RAILWAY APPLICATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT MEDIA................................................10
2.5. CONCLUSION ON EXISTING AND EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS.........................................11
2.6. USER NEEDS............................................................................................................................................................12
2.6.1. User needs.....................................................................................................................................................12
2.6.2. Data services:...............................................................................................................................................13
2.6.3. Particular characteristics:.........................................................................................................................13
2.6.4. External interfaces:.....................................................................................................................................13
2.6.5. Other projects needs analysed...................................................................................................................14
2.6.6. Frequency allocation and EMC needs....................................................................................................14
2.7. CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................................................................14
2.8. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF PROPAGATION IN TUNNEL ............................................................................................14
2.8.1. Confined areas problems............................................................................................................................14
2.8.2. Some theoretical results.............................................................................................................................15
2.8.3. The different radiating devices for radio retransmission in tunnel....................................................16
3. TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT PLAN.........................................................................................................................18
3.1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................18
3.2. SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................................................18
3.2.1. General GSM-R equipment radio specifications...................................................................................18
3.3. TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT OF MIMO ALGORITHMS.......................................................................................19
3.3.1. Audio and Video services...........................................................................................................................20
3.3.2. Digital signal processing...........................................................................................................................27
3.3.3. Consequences of MIMO to GSM-Protocol..............................................................................................38
3.3.4. Antenna System............................................................................................................................................40
3.3.5. RF-System......................................................................................................................................................42
3.3.6. A/D and D/A conversion.............................................................................................................................54
3.3.7. Concept I : Waveform Generator Card / Data Acquisition Card........................................................54
3.3.8. Concept II : Integrated GMSK-Modulator..............................................................................................57
3.3.9. Concept III : DSP-Cards.............................................................................................................................58
3.4. INTERFACES............................................................................................................................................................60
3.4.1. IQ-Signal between the software part and the IQ-modulator...............................................................60
3.4.2. IQ-signal between the IQ-demodulator and the software part............................................................60
3.4.3. Control-interface.........................................................................................................................................60
3.4.4. Antenna-interface........................................................................................................................................61
3.5. KEY-COMPONENTS...............................................................................................................................................61
3.5.1. Components for a Demonstrator...............................................................................................................61
3.5.2. Components for a product design.............................................................................................................62
3.6. CONCLUSIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT ...................................................................................................63
4. PROPOSED TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION TECHNIQUES ....................................................................64
4.1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................64
4.2. CLASSICAL DIVERSITY & CHANNEL ESTIMATION...........................................................................................64
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Information Society Technologies (IST, 5
th
Framework Programme for RTD&D ,1998-2002)
ESCORT IST 1999-20006 11/10/2002 4/134
4.2.1. Signal model.................................................................................................................................................64
4.2.2. Spatial filtering............................................................................................................................................67
4.2.3. Spatial Interference Cancelling................................................................................................................67
4.2.4. Channel estimator.......................................................................................................................................69
4.2.5. Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................74
4.3. SPACE TIME CODING (STC) WITHOUT REDUNDANCY...................................................................................75
4.3.1. System description.......................................................................................................................................75
4.3.2. Space-Time Equalisation...........................................................................................................................77
4.3.3. Performance evaluation.............................................................................................................................80
4.3.4. Computational cost evaluation of equalising algorithms...................................................................83
4.3.5. Conclusions..................................................................................................................................................83
4.4. STC WITH REDUNDANCY ....................................................................................................................................84
4.5. STC FOR LOW SCATTERING ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................90
4.5.1. Optimum receiver.........................................................................................................................................90
4.5.2. Sub-optimal linear receivers.....................................................................................................................91
4.5.3. Sub optimal non-linear detectors.............................................................................................................94
4.5.4. Sub optimal non block linear receivers..................................................................................................96
4.5.5. Performances of the block receivers V.S. non block receivers for the linear receivers..................96
4.5.6. Advanced receivers......................................................................................................................................98
4.5.7. Performances on real data (few)............................................................................................................100
4.5.8. Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................103
5. EXPERIMENTATION REPORT..............................................................................................................................104
5.1. CHANNEL SOUNDING AND MODELLING..........................................................................................................104
5.1.1. Description of the measurements...........................................................................................................104
5.1.2. Channel capacity in a one way tunnel.................................................................................................105
5.1.3. Channel capacity in a two way tunnel.................................................................................................108
5.1.4. Channel models.........................................................................................................................................109
5.2. PERFORMANCES ON RAW DATA.......................................................................................................................113
5.2.1. Presentation of the experiments.............................................................................................................113
5.2.2. First and second case: Transmission in tunnel and station.............................................................114
5.2.3. Third case: Transmission in open air....................................................................................................123
5.2.4. Conclusion on the experiments in the three cases of propagation.................................................126
6. DISSEMINATION......................................................................................................................................................128
7. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES ..................................................................................................................130
8. ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................................................................131
8.1. ANNEXE1 :MODELLING AND PROPAGATION BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................131
8.2. ANNEXE 2 SIGNAL PROCESSING BIBLIOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................132
8.3. ANNEXE 3 : TECHNOLOGY BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................133
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Information Society Technologies (IST, 5
th
Framework Programme for RTD&D ,1998-2002)
ESCORT IST 1999-20006 11/10/2002 5/134
GLOSSARY
ATP: Automatic Train Protection
ATO: Automatic Train Operation
ATC: Automatic Train Control
ATCS: Automatic Train Control System
AVI: Automatic Vehicle Identification
AM: Amplitude Modulation
AP: Access Point
BSS: Base station Sub-System
BTS: Base Transceiver Station
BRAN: Broadband Radio Network
CCR: Central Control Room
CDMA: Coded Division Multiple Access
CEN: Comité Européen de Normalisation
CSMA/CA: Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance
DAB: Digital Audio Broadcasting
DVB: Digital Video Broadcasting
DECT: Digital European Cordless Telephone system
DSSS Direct Spread Spectrum Sequence
EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM
ERTMS : European Rail Traffic Management Systems
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETCS: European Train Control System
ETSI: European Technical Scientific Institute
FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple Access
FHS Frequency Hopping Sequence
FM: Frequency Modulation
GMSK: Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
GSM: Groupe Spécial Mobiles / Global System for Mobile communication
GSM-R: Global System for Mobile communication – for Railways
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
HIPERLAN: High Performance Radio LAN
HLR: Home Location Register
HSCSD: High Speed Circuit Switch Data
IS 95: Interim Standard 95
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