掌握Java，开启Android开发之旅

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"Learn Java for Android Development 是一本专为想要进入Android应用开发领域的程序员设计的教程。作者Jeff "JavaJeff" Friesen旨在帮助任何技能水平的程序员掌握基础的Java语言和必要的Java API技能，以便更好地在Android应用开发中取得成功。书中包含10个章节，每个章节都有练习部分，用于巩固读者对章节内容的理解。书后还提供了超过300个练习的答案。完成这本书的学习后，读者将具备学习Android的准备，可以进一步阅读《Beginning Android 2》以深入Android开发。此外，作者将在他的网站javajeff.mb.ca上提供额外的6个章节作为补充材料，这些将在本书发布后的几个月内陆续上线。" 在这本《Learn Java for Android Development》中，作者强调了Java基础知识的重要性，因为Android开发是基于Java语言的。初学者如果没有扎实的Java基础，可能会在同时学习Android架构、特定API和工具时感到困扰。因此，书中的内容将专注于以下几个核心知识点： 1. **Java语言基础**：包括基本数据类型、变量、运算符、控制流程（如条件语句和循环）、函数和类的概念。这些是编程的基础，对于理解和编写代码至关重要。 2. **面向对象编程**：讲解Java的面向对象特性，如封装、继承和多态，这是理解Java和Android应用结构的关键。 3. **异常处理**：介绍如何在Java中捕获和处理异常，这对于编写健壮和安全的代码非常重要。 4. **集合框架**：Java的集合框架是存储和管理数据的重要工具，如List、Set和Map接口，以及ArrayList、LinkedList、HashSet和HashMap等实现。 5. **输入/输出(I/O)**：包括文件操作、流的概念，这对于读写本地数据或与服务器交互的Android应用是必不可少的。 6. **多线程**：Java支持多线程编程，这对于实现并发和提高应用程序性能至关重要，特别是在Android设备上。 7. **Java API基础**：虽然不是Android特有，但理解Java标准库的基本组件，如IO、网络和XML解析，将有助于开发者构建更强大的应用。 8. **练习与实践**：书中的章节练习和答案提供了实际操作的机会，使理论知识得以巩固，并转化为实践经验。通过学习这本书，读者不仅可以掌握Java编程语言的核心概念，还能建立起进入Android开发的坚实基础。作者的网站还将提供额外的章节，进一步扩展学习内容，确保读者能够跟上Android开发的最新趋势和技术。

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■ INTRODUCTION

xiv

Note: You can download this book’s source code by pointing your web browser to

www.apress.com/book/view/1430231564 and clicking the Source Code link under Book Resources.

Although most of this code is compilable with Java version 6, you will need Java version 7 to compile one

of the applications.

Chapter 1 introduces you to Java by first focusing on Java’s dual nature (language and

platform). It then briefly introduces you to Sun’s/Oracle’s Java SE, Java EE, and Java ME editions

of the Java development software, as well as Google’s Android edition. You next learn how to

download and install the Java SE Development Kit (JDK), and learn some Java basics by

developing and playing with a pair of simple Java applications. After receiving a brief

introduction to the NetBeans and Eclipse IDEs, you learn about application development in the

context of Four of a Kind, a console-based card game.

Chapter 2 starts you on an in-depth journey of the Java language by focusing on language

fundamentals (such as types, expressions, variables, and statements) in the contexts of classes

and objects. Because applications are largely based on classes, it is important to learn how to

architect classes correctly, and this chapter shows you how to do so.

Chapter 3 adds to Chapter 2’s pool of object-based knowledge by introducing you to those

language features that take you from object-based applications to object-oriented applications.

Specifically, you learn about features related to inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces. While

exploring inheritance, you learn about Java’s ultimate superclass. Also, while exploring interfaces,

you discover the real reason for their inclusion in the Java language; interfaces are not merely a

workaround for Java’s lack of support for multiple implementation inheritance, but serve a

higher purpose.

Chapter 4 introduces you to four categories of advanced language features: nested types,

packages, static imports, and exceptions. While discussing nested types, I briefly introduce the

concept of a closure and state that closures will appear in Java version 7 (which many expect to

arrive later this year).

Note: I wrote this book several months before Java version 7’s expected arrival in the fall of 2010.

Although I have tried to present an accurate portrayal of version 7–specific language features, it is possible

that feature syntax may differ somewhat from what is presented in this book. Also, I only discuss closures

briefly because this feature was still in a state of flux while writing this book. For more information about

closures and other functional programming concepts (such as lambdas) being considered for Java version 7, I

recommend that you check out articles such as “Functional Programming Concepts in JDK 7” by Alex Collins

(

http://java.dzone.com/articles/lambdas-closures-jdk-7).

Chapter 5 continues to explore advanced language features by focusing on assertions,

annotations, generics, and enums. Although the topic of generics has brought confusion to many

developers, I believe that my discussion of this topic will clear up much of the murkiness. Among

other items, you learn how to interpret type declarations such as Enum<E extends Enum<E>>.

Chapter 6 begins a trend that focuses more on APIs than language features. This chapter first

introduces you to many of Java’s math-oriented types (such as Math, StrictMath, BigDecimal, and

BigInteger), and also introduces you to Java’s strictfp reserved word. It then looks at the

Package class, primitive wrapper classes, and the References API.

■ INTRODUCTION

Chapter 7 continues to explore Java’s basic APIs by focusing on reflection, string

management, the System class, and threading.

Chapter 8 focuses exclusively on Java’s collections framework, which provides you with a

solution for organizing objects in lists, sets, queues, and maps.

Chapter 9 continues to explore Java’s utility APIs by introducing you to the concurrency

utilities, internationalization, preferences, random number generation, and regular expressions.

Chapter 10 is all about input/output (I/O). In this chapter, you explore Java’s classic I/O

support in terms of its File class, RandomAccessFile class, various stream classes, and various

writer/reader classes. My discussion of stream I/O includes coverage of Java’s object serialization

and deserialization mechanisms.

Note: This book largely discusses APIs that are common to Java SE and Android. However, it diverges from

this practice in Chapter 9, where I use the Swing toolkit to provide a graphical user interface for one of this

chapter’s internationalization examples. (Android does not support Swing.)

After you complete this book, I recommend that you obtain a copy of Beginning Android 2 by

Mark L Murphy (Apress, 2010; ISBN: 1430226293) and start learning how to develop Android

apps. In that book, “you’ll learn how to develop applications for Android 2.x mobile devices,

using simple examples that are ready to run with your copy of the JDK.”

Note: Over the next few months, I will make available at my javajeff.mb.ca website six additional PDF-

based chapters. These chapters will introduce you to more Java APIs (such as networking and database

APIs) that I could not discuss in this book because the book has greatly exceeded its initial 400-page

estimate (and the good folks at Apress have been gracious enough to let me do so, but there are limits). I

present more information about these PDF files at the end of Chapter 10’s “Summary” section.

Thanks for purchasing my book. I hope you find it a helpful preparation for, and I wish you

lots of success in achieving, a satisfying and lucrative career as an Android app developer.

Jeff “JavaJeff” Friesen, August 2010

CHAPTER 1: Getting Started with Java

NOTE: Java has an interesting history that dates back to December 1990. At that time, James

Gosling, Patrick Naughton, and Mike Sheridan (all employees of Sun Microsystems) were given

the task of figuring out the next major trend in computing. They concluded that one trend would

involve the convergence of computing devices and intelligent consumer appliances. Thus was

born the Green project.

The fruits of Green were Star7, a handheld wireless device featuring a five-inch color LCD

screen, a SPARC processor, a sophisticated graphics capability, and a version of Unix; and Oak, a

language developed by James Gosling for writing applications to run on Star7, and which he

named after an oak tree growing outside of his office window at Sun. To avoid a conflict with

another language of the same name, Dr. Gosling changed this language’s name to Java.

Sun Microsystems subsequently evolved the Java language and platform until Oracle acquired

Sun in early 2010. Check out http://java.sun.com/ for the latest Java news from Oracle.

Java Is a Language

Java is a language in which developers express source code (program text). Java’s

syntax (rules for combining symbols into language features) is partly patterned after the

C and C++ languages to shorten the learning curve for C/C++ developers.

The following list identifies a few similarities between Java and C/C++:

 Java and C/C++ share the same single-line and multiline comment

styles. Comments let you document source code.

 Many of Java’s reserved words are identical to their C/C++

counterparts (for, if, switch, and while are examples) and C++

counterparts (catch, class, public, and try are examples).

 Java also supports character, double precision floating-point, floating-

point, integer, long integer, and short integer primitive types, and via

the same char, double, float, int, long, and short reserved words.

 Java also supports many of the same operators, including arithmetic

(+, -, *, /, and %) and conditional (?:) operators.

 Java also uses brace characters ({ and }) to delimit blocks of

statements.

The following list identifies a few differences between Java and C/C++:

 Java supports an additional comment style known as Javadoc. (I will

briefly introduce Javadoc later in this chapter.)

 Java provides reserved words not found in C/C++ (extends, strictfp,

synchronized, and transient are examples).

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