CHAPTER 2
2 Literature Review
In recent years lots of work is done in the field of vehicular communications,
especially in enhancing and testing the different features of vehicular
cooperative safety applications. The cooperative applications have always
been associated with WAVE/ 802.11p, as in [4] three different safety
applications are evaluated by testing WAVE in different real world scenarios
and it shows that at high speed of vehicles and at congested traffic scenarios
the WAVE still needs advancement in communication techniques to cope
with the extreme requirements of cooperative safety applications.
Throughput, packet delay and collision probability are the important
parameters on the basis of which WAVE is evaluated in [5] and it shows
again that in a high number of user scenarios the packet delay increases a lot
and throughput decreases which is not good for cooperative safety
application. So the limitations in WAVE give the idea to test the cellular
networking technologies for the vehicular communication. Third generation
communication technology Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
(UMTS) communication properties is being tested for inter vehicular
communication and the findings shows that latency or message delivery time
is not up to the requirements of safety applications in [6]. Now the focus is
on fourth generation technology LTE and there is very little research
available in which LTE is being analyzed for vehicular communication, the
most recent research we find is [7] where different downlink scheduling
strategies of LTE is evaluated for vehicle to infrastructure communication
and the primary evaluation criteria is packet delay from eNB to UE and the
secondary is packet loss ratio, and the simulations are done in simulator
called LTE-Sim, so this paper [7] specifically deals with the downlink
communication only and delay in the uplink communication is not
accounted. The other research papers which deal with the topic of LTE for
vehicular communication are [8] and [9]. In [8] the performance study on
cooperative vehicular services with LTE is presented and the research shows
that the capacity of the LTE network is directly affected by downlink data
channel because of the periodic transmission of awareness messages. But
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