iOS 7编程基础：Objective-C, Xcode与Cocoa入门

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"iOS 7 programming fundamentals" 本书《iOS 7编程基础》由Matt Neuburg撰写，主要关注iOS 7的编程基础知识，包括Objective-C、Xcode和Cocoa的基础知识。书中涵盖了iOS应用开发的核心技术和流程，是针对iOS 7这一特定版本的详细教程。在iOS开发中，Objective-C是一种关键的编程语言，它是苹果开发框架Cocoa Touch和Cocoa的基础。Objective-C是C语言的一个超集，增加了面向对象的特性，如消息传递和类别。在iOS 7编程中，理解Objective-C的语法和面向对象编程的概念至关重要，因为大多数Apple的API都是用Objective-C编写的。 Xcode是Apple提供的集成开发环境（IDE），用于编写、调试和构建iOS应用。它包含了代码编辑器、界面构建工具、模拟器以及版本控制等功能，是iOS开发者必不可少的工具。了解如何有效地使用Xcode的各个功能，如Interface Builder和Auto Layout，可以帮助开发者快速构建用户界面并实现动态布局，适应不同尺寸的屏幕。 Cocoa是Apple的Mac OS X和iOS操作系统上的应用程序开发框架。在iOS上，它被称为Cocoa Touch。Cocoa Touch提供了许多核心服务和UI组件，如UIKit，用于创建应用的基本结构、视图控制器、按钮、滑块等。在iOS 7中，Cocoa Touch的一些新特性可能包括了扁平化设计、控制中心、多任务处理等，这些都是开发者需要掌握的关键更新。书中可能涵盖了以下内容： 1. iOS开发环境设置：如何安装和配置Xcode，获取开发者账户。 2. Objective-C语言基础：变量、常量、类、对象、协议、继承、多态等。 3. Xcode项目管理：创建新项目、理解项目结构、设置目标和配置。 4. Interface Builder：使用故事板创建用户界面，拖放控件，连接IBOutlet和IBAction。 5. UIKit框架：理解UIViewController，UILabel，UIButton，UIImageView等基本UI组件的使用。 6. Auto Layout：用于自适应布局，确保应用能在不同设备上正确显示。 7. MVC（模型-视图-控制器）设计模式：理解和应用MVC来组织代码。 8. iOS 7特有的API和功能：如新的UI设计元素、多任务处理、通知中心等。 9. 测试与调试：使用Xcode内置的调试工具进行代码调试，以及单元测试。 10. 应用发布：打包应用，通过App Store进行提交和审核流程。此外，书中可能还包括了错误处理、内存管理（ARC）、网络编程、数据持久化、多线程、动画效果等内容，这些都是构建完整iOS应用所必需的知识点。总体来说，《iOS 7编程基础》旨在帮助初学者或有一定经验的开发者全面掌握iOS 7平台上的应用开发技术，通过实例和实践操作来提升技能。这本书对于那些想要踏入iOS开发领域或者需要更新到iOS 7开发知识的人来说，是一本极具价值的参考资料。

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Acknowledgments

My thanks go first and foremost to the people at O’Reilly Media who have made writing

a book so delightfully easy: Rachel Roumeliotis, Sarah Schneider, Kristen Brown, and

Adam Witwer come particularly to mind. And let’s not forget my first and long-standing

editor, Brian Jepson, who had nothing whatever to do with this edition, but whose

influence is present throughout.

I have been saved from many embarrassing errors by the sharp and dedicated eyes of

Peter Olsen, a long-time reader who faithfully posts notes to the book’s online Errata

page, apparently just because that’s the kind of amazing and dedicated person he is.

As in the past, I have been greatly aided by some fantastic software, whose excellences

I have appreciated at every moment of the process of writing this book. I should like to

mention, in particular:

• git (http://git-scm.com)

• SourceTree (http://www.sourcetreeapp.com)

•

TextMate (http://macromates.com)

• AsciiDoc (http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc)

• BBEdit (http://barebones.com/products/bbedit/)

• Snapz Pro X (http://www.ambrosiasw.com)

• GraphicConverter (http://www.lemkesoft.com)

•

OmniGraffle (http://www.omnigroup.com)

The book was typed and edited entirely on my faithful Unicomp Model M keyboard

(http://pckeyboard.com), without which I could never have done so much writing over

so long a period so painlessly. For more about my physical work environment, see http://

matt.neuburg.usesthis.com.

From the Programming iOS 4 Preface

The popularity of the iPhone, with its largely free or very inexpensive apps, and the

subsequent popularity of the iPad, have brought and will continue to bring into the fold

many new programmers who see programming for these devices as worthwhile and

doable, even though they may not have felt the same way about OS X. Apple’s own annual

WWDC developer conventions have reflected this trend, with their emphasis shifted

from OS X to iOS instruction.

The widespread eagerness to program iOS, however, though delightful on the one hand,

has also fostered a certain tendency to try to run without first learning to walk. iOS gives

the programmer mighty powers that can seem as limitless as imagination itself, but it

also has fundamentals. I often see questions online from programmers who are evidently

xiv | Preface

deep into the creation of some interesting app, but who are stymied in a way that reveals

quite clearly that they are unfamiliar with the basics of the very world in which they are

so happily cavorting.

It is this state of affairs that has motivated me to write this book, which is intended to

ground the reader in the fundamentals of iOS. I love Cocoa and have long wished to

write about it, but it is iOS and its popularity that has given me a proximate excuse to

do so. Here I have attempted to marshal and expound, in what I hope is a pedagogically

helpful and instructive yet ruthlessly Euclidean and logical order, the principles on

which sound iOS programming rests, including a good basic knowledge of Objective-

C (starting with C itself) and the nature of object-oriented programming, advice on the

use of the tools, the full story on how Cocoa objects are instantiated, referred to, put in

communication with one another, and managed over their lifetimes, and a survey of

the primary interface widgets and other common tasks. My hope, as with my previous

books, is that you will both read this book cover to cover (learning something new often

enough to keep you turning the pages) and keep it by you as a handy reference.

This book is not intended to disparage Apple’s own documentation and example

projects. They are wonderful resources and have become more wonderful as time goes

on. I have depended heavily on them in the preparation of this book. But I also find that

they don’t fulfill the same function as a reasoned, ordered presentation of the facts. The

online documentation must make assumptions as to how much you already know; it

can’t guarantee that you’ll approach it in a given order. And online documentation is

more suitable to reference than to instruction. A fully written example, no matter how

well commented, is difficult to follow; it demonstrates, but it does not teach.

A book, on the other hand, has numbered chapters and sequential pages; I can assume

you know C before you know Objective-C for the simple reason that Chapter 1 precedes

Chapter 2. And along with facts, I also bring to the table a degree of experience, which

I try to communicate to you. Throughout this book you’ll see me referring to “common

beginner mistakes”; in most cases, these are mistakes that I have made myself, in addition

to seeing others make them. I try to tell you what the pitfalls are because I assume that,

in the course of things, you will otherwise fall into them just as naturally as I did as I

was learning. You’ll also see me construct many examples piece by piece or extract and

explain just one tiny portion of a larger app. It is not a massive finished program that

teaches programming, but an exposition of the thought process that developed that

program. It is this thought process, more than anything else, that I hope you will gain

from reading this book.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

Preface | xv

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