HTML5与CSS3分步指南

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"HTML5 Step by Step - 一本适合初学者的HTML5和CSS3教程" 在Web开发领域，HTML5和CSS3是两个至关重要的技术，它们为网页设计和开发带来了许多新的特性和功能。"HTML5 Step by Step" 是一本专为初学者设计的指南，旨在帮助读者逐步掌握这两种语言的基础和高级应用，同时也适用于那些希望了解如何优化移动端设备体验的开发者。 HTML5是超文本标记语言（HTML）的最新版本，它在旧版HTML的基础上添加了许多新元素，以更好地支持多媒体、离线存储和交互性。例如，HTML5引入了`<video>`和`<audio>`标签，使得在网页上嵌入视频和音频变得简单直观。另外，`<canvas>`元素提供了动态图形绘制的能力，而`<svg>`则支持矢量图形，这些都极大地丰富了网页内容的表现形式。此外，HTML5还改进了表单控件，如`<input>`类型的扩展，提高了数据验证的能力。 CSS3，即层叠样式表第三版，是定义网页外观和布局的标准，它带来了许多新的选择器、伪类和伪元素，使得样式更易于控制和维护。CSS3还引入了模块化发展，如媒体查询（Media Queries）用于响应式设计，使得网页能够适应不同设备的屏幕尺寸和方向。其他特性如过渡（Transitions）、动画（Animations）和3D变换让网页交互更加平滑和动态。在"HTML5 Step by Step" 这本书中，作者Faithe Wempen将带领读者通过一系列实践教程，逐步学习和掌握HTML5和CSS3的核心概念。读者将学习如何创建结构清晰的文档结构，使用语义化元素增强网页可读性，以及利用CSS3的高级样式技巧来提升网页视觉效果。书中的每个步骤都将配以实例，确保学习者能够在实践中理解并应用所学知识。此外，书籍特别强调了移动设备的适配，因为随着智能手机和平板电脑的普及，移动设备上的用户体验变得越来越重要。书中会涵盖如何利用HTML5的新特性来优化移动设备的性能，如离线存储（Application Cache）和地理定位API等。 "HTML5 Step by Step" 是一个全面且实用的学习资源，无论你是初次接触Web开发，还是希望提升现有技能，都能从中受益。它将帮助你掌握HTML5和CSS3的关键技术，以便于构建现代、响应式且充满活力的网页。

Introduction

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the underlying markup language of the World

Wide Web It’s the common thread that ties together virtually every Web site, from large-

scale corporate sites such as Microsoft’s to single-page classroom projects at the local

grade school

Don’t let the phrase “markup language” intimidate you A markup language annotates

or “marks up” plain text, letting a browser know how to format that text so it looks good

on a Web page It’s easy to get started—in fact, you can create a simple Web page in just

a few minutes While full-featured What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tools exist

that can help speed up the process of writing Web pages, all you really need is an ordi-

nary text-editing program such as Microsoft Notepad You don’t need special software

or extensive training

In this introduction, you’ll learn some basics about HTML You’ll nd out how they turn

plain text into attractive formatting, how they incorporate graphics and hyperlinks, and

how anyone can create Web content in virtually any program that edits text This intro-

duction explains what cascading style sheets (CSS) are, and how they make formatting

consistent across large Web sites You’ll also discover the differences between HTML4,

XHTML, and HTML5, so you can make the important decision about which version of

HTML you want your code to conform to Finally, you’ll learn about the conventions used

in this book for pointing out special helps like notes, tips, cautions, and references to the

data les

How to Access Your Online Edition Hosted by Safari

The voucher bound in to the back of this book gives you access to an online edition of

the book (You can also download the online edition of the book to your own computer;

see the next section)

To access your online edition, do the following:

1. Locate your voucher inside the back cover, and scratch off the metallic foil to reveal

your access code

2. Go to http://microsoftpress.oreilly.com/safarienabled

3. Enter your 24-character access code in the Coupon Code eld under Step 1:

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xix

What Is HTML?

In simple terms, a Web page (or HTML document) is a plain text le that has been

encoded using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) so that it appears nicely formatted

in a Web browser Here’s what HTML means, word-by-word:

●● Hypertext Text that you click to jump from document to document This is a refer-

ence to the ability of Web pages to link to one another

●● Markup Tags that apply layout and formatting conventions to plain text Literally,

the plain text is “marked up” with the tags

●● Language A reference to the fact that HTML is considered a programming language

Tip When people think of computer programming, they usually think of writing a compiled

program. A compiled programming language runs the human-readable programming code

through a utility that converts it to an executable le (usually with an .exe or .com extension),

which is then distributed to users. In contrast, HTML is an interpreted programming language.

That means the program is distributed in human-readable format to users, and the program in

which it is opened takes care of running it. The HTML code for Web pages resides in les. Each

time your Web browser opens a Web page, it processes the HTML code within the le.

Understanding HTML Tags

The code within an HTML le consists of text surrounded by tags These tags indicate

where the formatting should be applied, how the layout should appear, what pictures

should be placed in certain locations, and more

For example, suppose you wanted a certain word to be italicized, like this:

Everything is on sale

In HTML, there’s no Italics button to click, like there is in a word-processing program There-

fore, you have to “tag” the word that you want to be italicized The code to turn on italics is

<i>, and the code to turn italics off is </i> Your HTML code would look something like this:

<i>Everything</i> is on sale.

That’s an example of a two-sided tag, which encloses text between opening and closing

tags, in this case <i> and </i> Note the forward slash in the closing tag (</i>) That

slash differentiates an opening tag from a closing tag With a two-sided tag, there is

always a corresponding closing tag for every opening tag

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