PCB加工工艺详解:从基板到覆铜层压板

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"PCB加工工艺涉及的材料和过程" PCB加工工艺是电子硬件设计中的核心环节,它关乎电路板的性能和可靠性。在PCB制造过程中,涉及到一系列精细的操作和选用多种关键材料。 首先,加工PCB的主要原材料包括基板、铜箔、PP(层间粘合剂)以及感光材料。基板是PCB的基础,通常由热固性或热塑性树脂如酚醛树脂、环氧树脂和聚酰亚胺等制成,它们覆盖在增强材料(如纸、布、玻璃布或玻璃毡)上,并经过烘干和层压,形成覆铜层压板。这些材料的选择直接影响PCB的电气性能、机械强度和化学稳定性。 铜箔是PCB导电层的关键,通常由压延或电解铜制成,厚度根据电路需求可选0.3mil到3mil(0.25oz/ft2到2oz/ft2)。铜箔的质量直接影响电路的导电性和可蚀刻性,其表面的平整度和抗剥强度至关重要。 PP,即预浸渍材料,主要用于多层板的制作,作为层间粘合剂,确保各层之间的紧密连接。PP的选择和处理对于多层板的层间结合强度和整体稳定性有着直接影响。 感光材料,如光致抗蚀剂和感光膜,是PCB图形转移的关键。通过曝光和显影,可以在铜箔上形成精确的电路图案。光致抗蚀剂分为正性和负性两种类型,正性抗蚀剂在曝光后会在显影液中溶解,而负性抗蚀剂则相反。感光材料的质量决定了电路图案的精度和抗蚀刻能力。 在PCB制造过程中,还需要使用防焊漆来保护未被蚀刻的铜箔部分,防止氧化和短路。底片则用于制作电路图形的模板,确保图形转移的准确性。 整个PCB加工工艺包括基板切割、层压、线路制作(如光刻、蚀刻)、孔金属化、防焊层涂布、字符印制、外形切割和最终检验等多个步骤。每一步都需要精确控制,以确保PCB的品质和功能满足设计要求。 PCB加工工艺是复杂且精密的过程,涉及多种材料和精细操作,这些都直接影响着电路板的性能、可靠性和成本效率。因此,对PCB工艺的深入理解和掌握是硬件工程师必备的技能之一。
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非常优秀的PCB设计辅助工具 程序包括: [B]PCB Via Current Calculator per IPC-2152[/B] Calculates the current a via needs to raise its temperature over ambient per IPC-2152. Other via properties include: Via capacitance Via inductance Via impedance Via step response Via DC resistance Via impedance Via resonant frequency [B]PCB Trace Width Calculator & PCB Trace Resistance Calculator per IPC-2152[/B] Calculates the current a conductor needs to raise its temperature over ambient per IPC-2152. Now also calculates DC resistance with temperature compensation. Other conductor properties include: Conductor skin depth Conductor voltage drop Conductor DC resistance Conductor power dissipation Bandwidth Calculator & Max PCB Trace Length Calculator Calculates the bandwidth of a digital signal and maximum trace length, using the IPC-2251 method or the frequency domain method, for transmission line effects. Wavelength calculator for given frequency. Differential Pair Impedance Calculator Calculates the differential pair impedance of a balanced line. PCB Padstack Calculator Calculates the outer and inner layer diameters of a padstack given the drill size. BGA land calculator based on the IPC-7351A specification. Mechanical Data Calculates wire diameter for a given AWG gauge. Drill chart with imperial and metric diameters. Imperial screw thread size chart. Minimum PCB Conductor Spacing Chart Calculates minimum conductor spacing's using peak AC or DC voltage based on IPC-2221A data. PCB conductor Impedances Calculates impedance of a PCB Microstrip or PCB Stripline. Inductance of a microstrip Capacitance of a microstrip Propagation delay of a microstrip Units Conversion Data Converts mm to mils and C to F. Embedded units chart for reference. Planar Inductor Calculator Calculates the inductance of a planar PCB spiral inductor. Power Delivery System Impedance Calculator Calculates the target impedance of a PDN. Thermal Resistance Calculator Calculates the junction temperature of a device using thermal resistance. Please check back often, this program is updated often per customer requests. What would you like to see in this program? Tell us now!