JavaScript权威指南(第6版)：入门级经典教程

JavaScript

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"JavaScript权威指南(第6版)" 是一本由David Flanagan编写的JavaScript编程书籍，被读者评价为适合入门级学习者参考。这本书详细介绍了JavaScript语言的各个方面，覆盖了从基础到高级的众多主题。 JavaScript是一种广泛应用于网页和互联网应用的脚本语言，它在浏览器环境中运行，为用户带来交互式体验。本书作为权威指南，第六版更新至2011年，反映了当时的最新技术和标准。以下是一些主要的知识点： 1. **基础语法**：书中会介绍JavaScript的基础语法，包括变量、数据类型（如字符串、数字、布尔值、null、undefined、对象和数组）、运算符（算术、比较、逻辑和赋值运算符）、控制流程（条件语句、循环语句）以及函数的使用。 2. **函数与闭包**：深入讲解JavaScript中的函数，包括函数表达式、参数、作用域、匿名函数以及闭包的概念和用法，这些都是JavaScript中强大的特性。 3. **对象与原型**：解释JavaScript的基于原型的对象模型，如何创建和操作对象，以及原型链的工作原理。 4. **数组和正则表达式**：详细讨论JavaScript中的数组方法，如push、pop、shift、unshift、slice等，以及正则表达式的构建和使用。 5. **事件和DOM操作**：介绍如何处理用户的输入和页面事件，以及如何通过DOM（文档对象模型）来操纵HTML元素，实现动态网页效果。 6. **异步编程**：讲解JavaScript的异步编程模型，包括回调函数、定时器、事件监听和现代的Promise及async/await语法。 7. **错误处理**：阐述如何捕获和处理JavaScript运行时可能出现的错误，以及try...catch语句的使用。 8. **ES6及后续版本的新特性**：虽然第六版可能不包含ES6之后的所有新特性，但会介绍当时已有的新功能，如箭头函数、模板字符串、let和const、类和模块等。 9. **性能优化**：讨论JavaScript代码的性能优化策略，如何避免内存泄漏，以及如何编写高效的代码。 10. **浏览器兼容性**：由于JavaScript在不同的浏览器中有不同的实现，书中可能会涉及如何处理跨浏览器兼容性问题。 11. **调试与测试**：介绍如何使用开发者工具进行JavaScript代码的调试，以及单元测试和集成测试的方法。 "JavaScript权威指南(第6版)" 是一本全面且深入的JavaScript学习资料，不仅适合初学者，也对有经验的开发者具有参考价值，可以帮助读者理解和掌握JavaScript的核心概念和技术，从而更好地利用JavaScript开发Web应用。

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A Note About Piracy

If you are reading a digital version of this book that you (or your employer) did not pay

for (or borrow from someone who did) then you probably have an illegally pirated copy.

Writing the sixth edition of this book was a full-time job, and it took more than a year.

The only way I get paid for that time is when readers actually buy the book. And the

only way I can afford to work on a seventh edition is if I get paid for the sixth.

I do not condone piracy, but if you have a pirated copy, go ahead and read a couple of

chapters. I think that you’ll find that this is a valuable source of information about

JavaScript, better organized and of higher quality than what you can find freely (and

legally) available on the Web. If you agree that this is a valuable source of information,

then please pay for that value by purchasing a legal copy (either digital or print) of the

book. On the other hand, if you find that this book is no more valuable than the free

information on the web, then please discard your pirated copy and use those free

information sources.

Conventions Used in This Book

I use the following typographical conventions in this book:

Italic

Is used for emphasis and to indicate the first use of a term. Italic is also used for

email addresses, URLs and file names.

Constant width

Is used in all JavaScript code and CSS and HTML listings, and generally for any-

thing that you would type literally when programming.

Constant width italic

Is used for the names of function parameters, and generally as a placeholder to

indicate an item that should be replaced with an actual value in your program.

Example Code

The examples in this book are available online. You can find them linked from the

book’s catalog page at the publisher’s website:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531/

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact O’Reilly

for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

xiv | Preface

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code

from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

If you use the code from this book, I appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An

attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Java-

nagan, 978-0-596-80552-4.”

For more details on the O’Reilly code reuse policy, see http://oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/

ask_tim/2001/codepolicy.html. If you feel your use of the examples falls outside of the

permission given above, feel free to contact O’Reilly at permissions@oreilly.com.

Errata and How to Contact Us

The publisher maintains a public list of errors found in this book. You can view the

list, and submit the errors you find, by visiting the book’s web page:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to:

bookquestions@oreilly.com

For more information about our books, conferences, Resource Centers, and the

O’Reilly Network, see our website at:

http://www.oreilly.com

Find us on Facebook: http://facebook.com/oreilly

Watch us on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/oreillymedia

Acknowledgments

Many people have helped me with the creation of this book. I’d like to thank my editor,

Mike Loukides, for trying to keep me on schedule and for his insightful comments.

Thanks also to my technical reviewers: Zachary Kessin, who reviewed many of the

chapters in Part I, and Raffaele Cecco, who reviewed Chapter 19 and the <canvas>

material in Chapter 21. The production team at O’Reilly has done their usual fine job:

Dan Fauxsmith managed the production process, Teresa Elsey was the production

editor, Rob Romano drew the figures, and Ellen Troutman Zaig created the index.

In this era of effortless electronic communication, it is impossible to keep track of all

those who influence and inform us. I’d like to thank everyone who has answered my

questions on the es5, w3c, and whatwg mailing lists, and everyone who has shared their

insightful ideas about JavaScript programming online. I’m sorry I can’t list you all by

Preface | xv

JavaScript: Names and Versions

JavaScript was created at Netscape in the early days of the Web, and technically, “Java-

Script” is a trademark licensed from Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) used to describe

Netscape’s (now Mozilla’s) implementation of the language. Netscape submitted the

language for standardization to ECMA—the European Computer Manufacturer’s As-

sociation—and because of trademark issues, the standardized version of the language

was stuck with the awkward name “ECMAScript.” For the same trademark reasons,

Microsoft’s version of the language is formally known as “JScript.” In practice, just

about everyone calls the language JavaScript. This book uses the name “ECMAScript”

only to refer to the language standard.

For the last decade, all web browsers have implemented version 3 of the ECMAScript

standard and there has really been no need to think about version numbers: the lan-

guage standard was stable and browser implementations of the language were, for the

most part, interoperable. Recently, an important new version of the language has been

defined as ECMAScript version 5 and, at the time of this writing, browsers are beginning

to implement it. This book covers all the new features of ECMAScript 5 as well as all

the long-standing features of ECMAScript 3. You’ll sometimes see these language ver-

sions abbreviated as ES3 and ES5, just as you’ll sometimes see the name JavaScript

abbreviated as JS.

When we’re speaking of the language itself, the only version numbers that are relevant

are ECMAScript versions 3 or 5. (Version 4 of ECMAScript was under development

for years, but proved to be too ambitious and was never released.) Sometimes, however,

you’ll also see a JavaScript version number, such as JavaScript 1.5 or JavaScript 1.8.

These are Mozilla’s version numbers: version 1.5 is basically ECMAScript 3, and later

versions include nonstandard language extensions (see Chapter 11). Finally, there are

also version numbers attached to particular JavaScript interpreters or “engines.” Goo-

gle calls its JavaScript interpreter V8, for example, and at the time of this writing the

current version of the V8 engine is 3.0.

To be useful, every language must have a platform or standard library or API of func-

tions for performing things like basic input and output. The core JavaScript language

defines a minimal API for working with text, arrays, dates, and regular expressions but

does not include any input or output functionality. Input and output (as well as more

sophisticated features, such as networking, storage, and graphics) are the responsibility

of the “host environment” within which JavaScript is embedded. Usually that host

environment is a web browser (though we’ll see two uses of JavaScript without a web

browser in Chapter 12). Part I of this book covers the language itself and its minimal

built-in API. Part II explains how JavaScript is used in web browsers and covers the

sprawling browser-based APIs loosely known as “client-side JavaScript.”

Part III is the reference section for the core API. You can read about the JavaScript array

manipulation API by looking up “Array” in this part of the book, for example.

Part IV is the reference section for client-side JavaScript. You might look up “Canvas”

2 | Chapter 1: Introduction to JavaScript

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