General MIDI 2 v1.2a Page 3
P.O. Box 3173 y La Habra CA 90632-3173 y www.midi.org
© 1999-2007 MIDI Manufacturers Association – No Duplication without express permission.
Bank 79H/00H shall conform to the GM1 Sound Set.
Note numbers 35 – 81 (23H - 51H) in Program 1 of GM2 Rhythm Channel (Bank 78H/00H) shall conform to the GM1
Percussion Sound Set.
The Program numbers that are undefined by the GM2 Sound Set in Banks 78H/xxH and 79H/xxH are reserved for
future expansion and may not be used until defined by MMA and AMEI.
[recommended]
If an undefined Program is selected in Banks 79H/xxH, the Program from Bank 79H/00H (the GM1 Sound Set) shall be
played. Similarly, if an undefined Program in Bank 78H/00H is selected, Program 1 (the GM1 Drum Set) shall be used.
[optional]
Displayed timbre names can be different from the names on the list of GM2 Sound Set. Also, the same timbre can be
used to support different Program Changes. For example, an identical timbre can be used for both basic timbre "41:
Violin" and "42: Viola", but in higher-quality GM2 devices these two sounds will be noticeably different.
2.7 Pitch
2.7.1 Melody Channels (Tuned instruments)
2.7.1.1 Pitched instrument sounds
[required]
Initial tuning is set to equal temperament.
Middle C Note = Note number 60 (3CH).
Note number 69 (45H) is tuned to 440Hz (when fine tune, coarse tune, and pitch bend are set to center.)
Each Note shall play the correct pitch across its key range listed in the GM2 Sound Set (see Appendix A).
Within the key range of the GM2 Sound Set, each timbre shall have the appropriate sonic characteristics of the name of
its instrument.
A Pitch Bend of +/-1 octave for all the Notes in a defined key range shall work correctly without aliasing, and Note
numbers 36-96 shall sound with the correct pitch regardless of the key range listed in the GM2 Sound Set.
[optional]
Notes outside the key range may not necessarily have a pleasing sound, but they should play the correct pitch (no octave
folding). The notes should be free of noisy distortions although the sound may lose its character outside the specified
key range.
2.7.1.2 Effect sounds
[required]
Pitch and temperament are undefined. The normal Note number for the effect sound shall be in the octave corresponding
to MIDI Note numbers 60-72.
[optional]
The pitch shall change by one semitone for each MIDI Note number. If the pitch of the effect can be reasonably
identified, it shall be in tune with the MIDI Note number.
2.7.2 Rhythm Channels
[required]
A specific rhythm timbre is assigned to each key or Note number, but some note numbers are assigned to play silence
(no sound at all).
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