OpenSceneGraph 2.0 快速入门指南：跨平台开源场景图API详解

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OpenSceneGraph (简称 OSG) 是一个强大的、开源的跨平台场景图API，旨在为计算机图形学提供一个易于学习和使用的框架。《OpenSceneGraph 2.0 快速入门指南》是一本专门为想要掌握这个先进图形处理库的读者准备的教程。该书由Paul Marz编写，并获得了Mark Bryden教授和VRACat（Iowa State University）在封面图像方面的支持。书中深入浅出地介绍了OSG的基本概念和技术，帮助读者快速上手。通过3DNature的NatureViewExpress和Visual Nature Studio with SceneExpress等工具生成的示例图片，展示了OSG在实际项目中的应用潜力，使得理论知识与实践操作相结合。尽管本书提供了丰富的信息和教程，但作者和出版社明确声明，他们不对书中信息或程序的准确性或完整性做出任何明示或暗示的保证，也不承担因使用书中内容而导致的任何损害的责任。版权方面，该指南受到2007年Computer Graphics Systems Development Corporation（位于加利福尼亚州Mountain View）的版权保护，未经许可的复制和分发是违法的。本书的准备过程可能涉及了详尽的编辑、校对和设计工作，旨在确保读者能够从一个清晰、结构化的角度理解OSG的核心功能，包括节点、变换、几何体、材质、光照、渲染以及与不同平台的兼容性。对于想要在游戏开发、三维建模、虚拟现实和计算机图形领域深入探索的开发者来说，这是一本不可或缺的参考资料。通过阅读并实践书中的例子，读者将能够掌握如何利用OSG创建复杂的3D场景，并将其应用于自己的项目中。

2 An Overview of Scene Graphs and OpenSceneGraph

name was changed to OpenSceneGraph, and initially nine people were on the osg-users

email list.

In late 2000, Brede Johansen made the first major public contribution to

OpenSceneGraph when he added the OpenFlight OSG plugin module. He developed

the plugin while employed at Kongsberg Maritime Ship Simulation, Kongsberg,

Norway, which ships the OSG-based SeaView R5 visual system product.

In 2001, Robert began to develop OSG on a fulltime basis, doing business as

OpenSceneGraph Professional Services. At this time, he designed and implemented

many of the core features found in OSG today. One of Robert’s early clients was the

Glasgow Science Center’s Virtual Reality Theatre, which commissioned work that

eventually evolved into the Present3D application (3D-based presentation software).

Don moved on to Keyhole Technologies (now the Google Earth department of

Google) and subsequently resigned in 2001. He also formed his own company, Andes

Computer Engineering, based in San Jose, California, primarily to continue with OSG

development. The first OpenSceneGraph birds-of-a-feather (BOF) meeting occurred at

SIGGRAPH 2001. While only 12 people attended, the audience included

representatives from Magic Earth, who were looking for an open source scene graph

library to support their oil and gas application. They decided to contract with both Don

and Robert for support and development, and became OSG’s first paying customer.

Each year, attendance at the OSG BOF continued to grow. The osg-users email list

membership continues to grow at a phenomenal pace, as Figure 1-1 illustrates. When

this book went to press, the osg-users email list had more than 1700 subscribers.

OSG features and add-on libraries were developed at a rapid pace. In 2003, the OSG

companion library, Producer (originally called OSGMP), was created to provide a

multipipe rendering capability for Magic Earth. In 2004, large database paging, terrain

support, and shader support were added. 2006 included a complete revamp of the

OpenFlight plugin, as well as the creation of osgViewer, an integrated library for

managing and rendering views of a scene.

Figure 1-1

osg-users email list growth

The osg-users email list has grown significantly over time.

OpenSceneGraph Quick Start Guide 3

Today, several hundred high-performance applications use OSG to manage rendering

complex 2D and 3D scenes. Though most OSG-based applications are in the

visualization and simulation industries, OSG is found in nearly every field that employs

3D graphics, including geographic information systems (GIS), computer-aided design

(CAD), modeling and digital content creation (DCC), database development, virtual

reality, animation, gaming, and entertainment.

1.2 Installing OSG

The previous section describes OSG’s origin. This section explains how to obtain and

install OSG, so you can run OSG examples and develop your own OSG applications.

OSG is under constant development; the OSG community fixes bugs and adds new

features to OSG on a daily basis. This book documents OSG v2.0, and describes

features that aren’t present in previous releases. Check the OSG Wiki Web site

[OSGWiki] for information on the latest available release.

The OSG Wiki Web site [OSGWiki] offers many packages and mechanisms for

downloading OSG:

• Runtime binaries—Use an OSG runtime binary package to install the OSG

libraries necessary to run OSG examples and applications.

• OSG source code—OSG developers should obtain a copy of the OSG source

code. OSG provides many mechanisms for obtaining a complete OSG source

code tree. You can obtain a compressed archive of a stable OSG release,

download a nightly tarball (a compressed archive of the current source) or use

Subversion (SVN) to check out the current source.

• Third-party dependencies—If you’re building OSG from source, some

optional components require non-OSG software packages, such as libTIFF,

libPNG, etc. If these third-party components aren’t present on your build

system, the optional OSG components fail to build.

• Sample dataset—This is a collection of 2D images, 3D models, and other data

files.

The following sections describe how to obtain and install the OSG runtime binaries.

Although OSG runs on a wide variety of platforms, only Apple Mac OS X, Fedora

Linux, and Microsoft Windows are covered here. For information on obtaining OSG

for other platforms, see the OSG Wiki Web site [OSGWiki].

If installable binaries aren’t available for your platform, or to create your own OSG

development kit, you’ll need to build OSG from source code. For information on

obtaining OSG source code, the third party dependencies, and the sample dataset, refer

to the OSG Wiki Web site [OSGWiki].

4 An Overview of Scene Graphs and OpenSceneGraph

1.2.1 Hardware Requirements

OSG runs on a wide variety of hardware platforms and operating systems, and should

run on most computer systems available today.

• Processor—OSG can be compiled to run on most contemporary CPUs. OSG

is thread-safe and can take advantage of multi-processor and dual core

architectures. OSG runs on both 32- and 64-bit processors.

• Graphics—Your system should feature an AGP or PCI-Express graphics card.

OSG runs on most professional- and consumer-grade graphics hardware

designed for modeling, simulation, and gaming. OSG requires graphics

hardware with robust OpenGL support. Obtain and install the latest OpenGL

device driver from your graphics hardware vendor. OSG’s onboard graphics

RAM requirements vary based on your usage, but 256MB is a good starting

point. OSG runs on multi-pipe systems, and can take advantage of multiple

graphics cards to increase rendering speed.

• RAM—The minimum system RAM requirement varies depending on the

amount and type of data you intend to display with OSG. 1GB is a good

starting point, but you might need more for larger data sets.

• Disk—Like RAM, the amount of secondary storage depends on your data

requirements. As with any application, fast RPM and large disk caches can

reduce data load times.

1.2.2 Apple Mac OS X

OSG for Apple Mac OS X is available from the OSG Wiki Web site [OSGWiki] as a

disk image (.dmg) file. It contains both run-time binaries and a full development

environment. See the OSG Apple QuickTime documentation [MacOSXTips] for

complete details. To install this package, perform the following steps.

1. From the OSG Wiki Web site [OSGWiki], select Downloads.

2. Download the OSG Universal Binaries for OSG v2.0. This is a .dmg file.

3. After the download completes, mount the .dmg file.

4. Drag the contents of the .dmg Frameworks folder into /Library/Frameworks.

5. In /Library/Application Support, create a new folder called OpenSceneGraph.

Drag PlugIns from the .dmg into this folder. (Note the mixed upper- and

lower-case spelling of “PlugIns”, required on some systems.)

1.2.3 Fedora Linux

OSG is also available for other flavors of Linux. Many Linux environments provide a

package installer interface that allows you to search for a package and install it. For

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