STM32CubeMX：图形化工具入门指南 - 英文配置与代码生成

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STM32CubeMX是一款专为STM32微控制器设计的图形化配置工具，它隶属于STM32Cube™项目的一部分。这款软件主要面向英文用户，但其详尽的文档使得即使是初学者也能轻松上手。它提供了以下几个关键特性： 1. **微控制器选择**：STM32CubeMX支持整个STM32系列的广泛选择，用户可以根据项目需求方便地挑选合适的微控制器。 2. **板载选择**：软件内置了来自ST Microelectronics的一系列开发板选项，便于用户根据实际硬件平台进行配置。 3. **配置与代码生成**：用户可以轻松配置微控制器的引脚、时钟树、外设和中间件，同时生成对应的初始化C代码。这极大地简化了设备设置过程，并能确保代码的正确性和高效性。 4. **跨设备移植性**：一旦配置完成，用户可以直接将预存的配置导入到新项目中，方便在不同型号的STM32微控制器间切换，节省重复工作。 5. **导出功能**：允许用户将当前的配置保存并导出到兼容的微控制器，便于团队协作或在不同开发环境中重用。 6. **报告生成**：STM32CubeMX能够生成详细的配置报告，帮助用户跟踪和验证设置的准确性。 7. **集成开发环境支持**：该工具支持多种嵌入式开发环境的C项目生成，包括包含MISRA2004合规的STM32 HAL驱动程序在内的全套项目内容，确保代码质量和遵循行业标准。 8. **项目管理**：生成的项目不仅包含初始化C代码，还包括了与特定IDE工具链兼容的完整项目结构，提高了开发效率。 STM32CubeMX作为一款强大的配置和代码生成工具，极大地简化了STM32微控制器的开发流程，无论是选择微控制器、配置硬件还是生成项目代码，都为开发者提供了便捷且高效的解决方案。由于其高度易用性和广泛的兼容性，无论对初学者还是经验丰富的工程师来说，都是一个不可或缺的开发辅助工具。

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Getting started with STM32CubeMX UM1718

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3 Getting started with STM32CubeMX

3.1 Principles

Customers need to quickly identify the MCU that best meets their requirements (core

architecture, features, memory size, performance…). While board designers main concerns

are to optimize the microcontroller pin configuration for their board layout and to fulfill the

application requirements (choice of peripherals operating modes), embedded system

developers are more interested in developing new applications for a specific target device,

and migrating existing designs to different microcontrollers.

The time taken to migrate to new platforms and update the C code to new firmware drivers

adds unnecessary delays to the project. STM32CubeMX was developed within STM32Cube

initiative which purpose is to meet customer key requirements to maximize software reuse

and minimize the time to create the target system:

• Software reuse and application design portability are achieved through STM32Cube

firmware solution proposing a common Hardware Abstraction Layer API across STM32

portfolio.

• Optimized migration time is achieved thanks to STM32CubeMX built-in knowledge of

STM32 microcontrollers, peripherals and middleware (LwIP and USB communication

protocol stacks, FatFs file system for small embedded systems, FreeRTOS).

STM32CubeMX graphical interface performs the following functions:

• Fast and easy configuration of the MCU pins, clock tree and operating modes for the

selected peripherals and middleware

• Generation of pin configuration report for board designers

• Generation of a complete project with all the necessary libraries and initialization C

code to set up the device in the user defined operating mode. The project can be

directly open in the selected application development environment (for a selection of

supported IDEs) to proceed with application development (see Figure 1).

During the configuration process, STM32CubeMX detects conflicts and invalid settings and

highlights them through meaningful icons and useful tool tips.

Getting started with STM32CubeMX UM1718

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3.2 Key features

STM32CubeMX comes with the following features:

• Project management

STM32CubeMX allows creating, saving and loading previously saved projects:

– When STM32CubeMX is launched, the user can choose to create a new project or

to load a previously saved project.

– Saving the project saves user settings and configuration performed within the

project in an .ioc file that will be used the next time the project will be loaded in

STM32CubeMX.

STM32CubeMX also allows importing previously saved projects in new projects.

STM32CubeMX projects come in two flavors:

– MCU configuration only: .ioc file are saved anywhere, next to other .ioc files.

– MCU configuration with C code generation: in this case .ioc files are saved in a

dedicated project folder along with the generated source C code. There can be

only one .ioc file per project.

• Easy MCU and STMicroelectronics board selection

When starting a new project, a dedicated window opens to select either a

microcontroller or an STMicroelectronics board from STM32 portfolio. Different filtering

options are available to ease the MCU and board selection.

• Easy pinout configuration

– From the Pinout view, the user can select the peripherals from a list and configure

the peripheral modes required for the application. STM32CubeMX assigns and

configures the pins accordingly.

– For more advanced users, it is also possible to directly map a peripheral function

to a physical pin using the Chip view. The signals can be locked on pins to prevent

STM32CubeMX conflict solver from moving the signal to another pin.

– Pinout configuration can be exported as a .csv file.

• Complete project generation

The project generation includes pinout, firmware and middleware initialization C code

for a set of IDEs. It is based on STM32Cube embedded software libraries. The

following actions can be performed:

– Starting from the previously defined pinout, the user can proceed with the

configuration of middleware, clock tree, services (RNG, CRC, etc...) and

peripheral parameters. STM32CubeMX generates the corresponding initialization

C code. The result is a project directory including generated main.c file and C

header files for configuration and initialization, plus a copy of the necessary HAL

and middleware libraries as well as specific files for the selected IDE.

– The user can modify the generated source files by adding user-defined C code in

user dedicated sections. STM32CubeMX ensures that the user C code is

preserved upon next C code generation (the user C code is commented if it is no

longer relevant for the current configuration).

– STM32CubeMX can generate user files by using user-defined freemarker .ftl

template files.

– From the Project settings menu, the user can select the development tool chain

(IDE) for which the C code has to be generated. STM32CubeMX ensures that the

IDE relevant project files are added to the project folder so that the project can be

DocID025776 Rev 23 19/280

UM1718 Getting started with STM32CubeMX

279

directly imported as a new project within third party IDE (IAR

™

EWARM, Keil

™

MDK-ARM, Atollic

TrueSTUDIO and AC6 System Workbench for STM32).

• Power consumption calculation

Starting with the selection of a microcontroller part number and a battery type, the user

can define a sequence of steps representing the application life cycle and parameters

(choice of frequencies, enabled peripherals, step duration). STM32CubeMX Power

Consumption Calculator returns the corresponding power consumption and battery life

estimates.

• Clock tree configuration

STM32CubeMX offers a graphical representation of the clock tree as it can be found in

the device reference manual. The user can change the default settings (clock sources,

prescaler and frequency values). The clock tree is then updated accordingly. Invalid

settings and limitations are highlighted and documented with tool tips. Clock tree

configuration conflicts can be solved by using the solver feature. When no exact match

is found for a given user configuration, STM32CubeMX proposes the closest solution.

• Automatic updates of STM32CubeMX and STM32Cube firmware packages

STM32CubeMX comes with an updater mechanism that can be configured for

automatic or on-demand check for updates. It supports STM32CubeMX self-updates

as well as STM32Cube firmware library package updates. The updater mechanism

also allows deleting previously installed packages.

• Report generation

.pdf and .csv reports can be generated to document user configuration work.

3.3 Rules and limitations

• C code generation covers only peripheral and middleware initialization. It is based on

STM32Cube HAL firmware libraries.

• STM32CubeMX C code generation covers only initialization code for peripherals and

middlewares that use the drivers included in STM32Cube embedded software

packages. The code generation of some peripherals and middlewares, such as

cryptographic peripherals and StemWin graphic library, is not yet supported.

• Refer to Appendix A for a description of pin assignment rules.

• Refer to Appendix B for a description of STM32CubeMX C code generation design

choices and limitations.

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