随机纹理化光子晶体：提升薄膜硅太阳能电池效率的新途径

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"通过将随机纹理化表面与一维光子晶体相结合，提出了一种用于氢化非晶硅太阳能电池的有效光捕获结构。这种结合结构能够显著提高光电流密度，从而提升电池效率。" 在薄膜硅太阳能电池领域，提高电池效率的关键之一在于设计出能够有效捕获光线的系统。由于薄膜硅吸收层的厚度有限，导致光的穿透路径短，使得大部分光不能被有效利用。为了解决这一问题，研究人员提出了一种创新的光捕获策略，即采用随机纹理化的光子晶体（RTPC）作为背反射器（BR）。光子晶体是一种具有周期性结构的材料，能够在特定波长范围内调控光的传播。在这种情况下，一维光子晶体被设计用来增强光的反射和散射，以增加光在吸收层内的停留时间。随机纹理化则是为了进一步增加光的散射，使光线更均匀地分布在整个吸收层中，从而提高光的利用率。实验和有限差分时域仿真（FDTD）的结果表明，这种RTPC BR能够有效地提高反射率并增强光散射，这对于氢化非晶硅（a-Si：H）太阳能电池来说尤其有利。当应用到a-Si：H电池上时，带有RTPC BR的电池效率达到了9.6%，相比之下，使用AZO/Ag BR的电池效率仅为7.6%，而单纯纹理化的电池效率为9.0%。这表明，RTPC BR能显著提升电池性能，为实现高效且成本较低的薄膜硅太阳能电池提供了新的途径。此外，文章还强调了RTPC BR的设计灵活性和可调性，可以根据不同的材料和工艺进行优化，以适应各种类型的薄膜硅太阳能电池。这种方法的引入，不仅提高了电池的光电转换效率，还有可能降低生产成本，对推动太阳能技术的发展具有重要意义。关键词：薄膜硅太阳能电池、光捕获、光子晶体、背反射器这篇研究展示了如何通过结合随机纹理和一维光子晶体的创新设计，克服薄膜硅太阳能电池吸收层薄的问题，实现了更高的光电转换效率。这一成果对于优化太阳能电池设计和推动可再生能源技术的进步具有重大价值。

Combining randomly textured surfaces and one-dimensional photonic

crystals as efﬁcient light-trapping structures in hydrogenated

amorphous silicon solar cells

Peizhuan Chen

a,b

, Guofu Hou

, Qihua Fan

, Jian Ni

, Jianjun Zhang

, Qian Huang

Xiaodan Zhang

, Ying Zhao

Institute of Photoelectronics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin-ﬁlm Devices and Technique, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China

School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA

article info

Article history:

Received 16 June 2015

Accepted 25 June 2015

Keywords:

Thin-ﬁlm silicon solar cell

Light trapping

Photonic crystal

Back reﬂector

abstract

One of the foremost challenges in achieving high-efﬁciency thin-ﬁlm silicon solar cells is in devising an

efﬁcient light trapping system because of the short optical path length imposed by the inherent thin

absorption layers. In this paper, an efﬁcient light trapping system is proposed using a combination of

randomly textured surfaces and a one-dimensional photonic crystal (randomly textured photonic crystal;

RTPC). The inﬂuence of the texture on the optical performance of RTPCs is discussed using the results of

an experiment and a ﬁnite-difference time-domain simulation. This RTPC back reﬂector (BR) can provide

high reﬂectivity and strong light scattering, resulting in an increased photocurrent density of the

hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cell. As a result, the highly textured RTPC BR yielded an

efﬁciency of 9.6% for a-Si:H solar cell, which is much higher than the efﬁciency of 7.6% on ﬂat AZO/Ag BR

and 9.0% on textured AZO/Ag BR. This RTPC BR provides a new approach for creating high-efﬁciency, low-

cost thin-ﬁlm silicon solar cells.

1. Introduction

Light trapping is well established as a technique for improving

the energy conversion efﬁciency in thin- ﬁlm silicon solar cells [1–

4]. In thin-ﬁlm silicon solar cells with a substrate conﬁguration (n–

i–p structure; n-doped layer/intrinsic layer/p-doped layer), the

typical thickness of the indium tin oxide (ITO) front contact ranges

from 60 nm to 80 nm for a suitable anti-reﬂective quality [5–7].It

is difﬁcult to produce a textured surface for additional light trap-

ping effect with such a thin ITO layer. Therefore, in n–i–p thin-ﬁlm

silicon solar cells, light trapping is primarily caused by the tex-

tured back reﬂector (BR), which plays a more crucial role than in

their superstrate (p–i–n) counterparts [6,8]. The most widely used

BRs for high efﬁciency n–i–p thin-ﬁlm silicon solar cells are com-

posed of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)/Ag with a randomly

textured surface, which can be produced by combining the BR

structure with a thermally roughened textured Ag [8,9] or a silver-

covered randomly textured substrate [10–12]. It is well known that

a larger-scale texture provides superior light trapping [10,13].

However, in traditional BRs, there is a trade-off between a suitable

light scattering texture and the losses due to surface plasmon

absorptions from the rough surface of the metallic layer [14–16].

Such losses are cumulative over each reﬂection on the active layer/

rough metallic interface and become severe at higher photon

wavelengths because multiple optical passes are required [17].In

addition, the cost reduction achieved through efﬁciency

enhancement using AZO/Ag BRs is partly counterweighed by the

expensive raw material, silver.

In the past decade, several advanced light trapping concepts

and structures, such as the three-dimensional photonic crystal

intermediate reﬂector [18], modulated surface textures [19], plas-

monic light trapping [20,21], periodic honeycomb pattern sub-

strates [22], and photonic design [23,24], have attracted much

interest for improving the performance of solar cells. A highly

promising alternative approach is to use a dielectric one-dimen-

sional photonic crystal (1D PC), which is a multilayer structure in

which two layers (bilayers) with a high refractive-index contrast

are periodically stacked [25,26]. The 1D PC has a wide forbidden

band with a range of several hundreds of nanometers with nearly

100% reﬂectivity, which guarantees that almost no light can

transmit through the backside [27–29]. So it can be used as a

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/solmat

Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.06.050

Corresponding author. Tel.: þ 86 22 23508663.

E-mail addresses: gfhou@nankai.edu.cn (G. Hou),

jjzhang@nankai.edu.cn (J. Zhang).

Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 143 (2015) 435–441

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随机纹理化光子晶体：提升薄膜硅太阳能电池效率的新途径

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