.NET应用开发视觉指南：C#编程入门

Visual

Blueprint

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# is a new programming language created by

Microsoft and introduced with the release of Visual

Studio .NET (also known as Visual Studio .NET 7.0).

C# lets you write programs that enable you to manipulate

the computer to perform certain tasks.

The Birth of C#

As a recent birth in the programming language family,

C# has two programming language parents: C++ and

Java. C# contains many C++ features but also adds the

object-oriented features from Java.

C# contains many different components, including:

• Versioning support, so that your base and derived

classes — templates that define how an object

performs — remain compatible as you develop them

• Events, so that your program can notify clients of a

class about something that has happened to an object

• Type safety and verification that increases reliability

and ensures code security

• Garbage collection, so that your program can identify

objects that your program can no longer reach

• Unsafe mode, where you can use pointers to

manipulate memory outside the garbage collector’s

control, including methods and properties

Close Relations with C and C++

C# is built on the C++ language, so it behaves much

like the language. Like C++, C# lets you write enterprise

applications, and C# contains many C++ features,

including statements and operators. C# also provides

access to common Application Program Interface (API)

styles including Component Object Model (COM) and

C-style APIs.

Security

Computer networks let programmers share Visual

Studio .NET code including C# programs across the

network. This collaborative effort lets you and your

programming team create C# programs much more

quickly than one person alone. The problem with

collaborating over a network is that unauthorized users

from within or outside your network may try to gain

access to your C# program code.

Visual Studio .NET provides built-in security features so you

or the leader of your programming team can determine

who on your network gets access to your C# program code

and resources. You can also set different levels of security

for different people in case you want only certain people

to have access to certain program code.

Integration

The primary advantage of using Visual Studio .NET is

that all of the programming languages have been

designed to work together from the start. When you

write a new C# program, Visual Studio .NET gives you

tools that you can use to program links from your C#

program into another program written in another Visual

Studio .NET language.

For example, you can create a database in Visual FoxPro

and then create a C# program that links into the Visual

FoxPro database. If you have written or acquired

completed programs in a Visual Studio language such as

Visual C++ or Visual Basic, you can include links from

your C# program into those programs. The end result is

seamless integrated functionality between programs.

Differences Between C# and C++

Microsoft includes Visual C++ and C# in Visual Studio

.NET. On the surface, C# has few differences from Visual

C++. When you look carefully and start programming,

you will notice that C# differs in several important

respects from Visual C++:

• C# has an alternate method of accessing the C++

initialization list when constructing the base class.

• A class can inherit implementation from only one

base class.

• You can call overridden base class members from

derived classes.

• C# has a different syntax for declaring C# arrays.

• There are differences in several different types

including bool, struct, and delegate.

• The Main method is declared differently.

• Support of the new ref and out method

parameters that are used instead of pointers for

passing parameters by reference.

• New keywords including extern and static.

• New statements including switch and finally.

• New operators including is and typeof.

• Different functionality for some operators and for

overloading operators.

INTRODUCTION TO C#

023601-X Ch01.F 10/18/01 11:57 AM Page 2

GETTING STARTED WITH C#

COMPARE C#, VISUAL C++, AND JAVA

Many of the simple programming procedures that you

use in C# are similar in both parent languages — Visual

C++ and Java — and in some cases the procedures are

identical. The following are examples of simple

programming procedures that illustrate the similarities

and differences between C#, Visual C++, and Java.

Declaring Variables

C#: Visual C++: Java:

int x; int x; int x;

int x=3; int x=3; int x=3;

FOR Loops

C#:

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)

Console.WriteLine("The number is {0}", i);

Visual C++:

for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++)

printf("%d\n", i);

Java:

for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++)

System.out.println("The number is " + i);

Assignments

C#: Visual C++: Java:

xValue=7; xValue=7; xValue=7;

WHILE Loops

C#:

while (x < 100);

x++;

Visual C++:

while (x < 100);

x++;

Java:

while (x < 100);

x++;

DLLs

The advent of Windows brought dynamic link libraries

(DLLs) to programmers. DLLs are small, independent

programs that contain executable routines that programs

can use to produce a certain result in Windows. For

example, if a program needs to open a file, you can

write your C# program that uses the code in the DLL to

open the file. Using DLLs frees up your time to work on

your program without having to reprogram the same

code in your C# program over and over again.

You can access DLLs from your C# program, and create

DLLs in C# for your C# program to refer to when necessary.

C# has full COM/Platform support, so you can integrate

C# code with any programming language that can

produce COM DLLs such as Visual C++.

XML

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a more powerful

version of HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the

standard Web page language. Visual Studio .NET and C#

let you document your program using XML and then

extract the XML code into a separate file.

Visual Studio .NET supports XML so that you can

integrate your C# programs with the World Wide Web.

You can document your C# code using XML and then

use XML for creating Web Services and Web controls

that let you and your code interact with a Web site. For

example, you may have an inventory system written in

C# that interacts with the order-taking page on your

company’s Web site.

If-Else Statements

C#:

if (nCount < nMax)

{

nTotal += nCount;

nCount++;

}

else {

nTotal += nCount;

nCount —;

}

Visual C++:

if (nCount < nMax) {

nTotal += nCount;

nCount++;

}

else {

nTotal += nCount;

nCount —;

};

Java:

if (nCount < nMax) {

nTotal += nCount;

nCount++;

}

else {

nTotal += nCount;

nCount —;

}

023601-X Ch01.F 10/18/01 11:57 AM Page 3

⁄ In the VS Start Page

window, click the New

Project button.

¤ Click the Visual C#

Projects folder.

‹ Click a project template

icon.

■ The default name and file

location for the project

appear in the Name and

Location fields.

› Type the name of the new

project.

ˇ Click Browse to select a

location.

■ The Project Location

window appears listing the

project folders within your

My Projects folder.

Á Type the name of the

folder in which you want to

place the project.

‡ Click Open.

Visual C# Projects

Console

Applica...

fter you start the MDE window, you can open a new

project. A project contains all the files related to your

C# program. After you determine the type of C#

program you want to write, Visual Studio creates all of the

project files you need to start programming. Visual Studio

contains project templates that let you create different

types of programs. The MDE window lets you create eight

different projects so you can tailor your C# program to the

needs of your program users.

You can create three different application types, each with a

different user interface. First, you can create a Windows

application that has a graphical, form-based interface. You

can create a console application with a character-based

interface. Finally, you can create a Web application that

resides on a Web server and uses Web pages for its

interface.

You can create three types of programs that are not full-

fledged but provide components that other programs can

use. First, you can create a class library program so you can

provide classes for other programs. Second, you can create

a Windows control library for creating form controls such as

buttons. Third, you can create a Web control library

program that provides Web controls for your Web-based C#

programs.

You can also create two different types of programs for

specific needs: a Windows service that is a long-running

application that runs in its own Windows session and a Web

service for integrating your Web site with a C# program.

OPEN A NEW C# PROJECT

023601-X Ch01.F 10/18/01 11:57 AM Page 6

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.NET应用开发视觉指南：C#编程入门

templateBlueprint:新蓝图项目的基础

flask blueprint 调用 app

TypeError: Flask.register_blueprint() missing 1 required positional argument: 'blueprint'

from flask import Blueprint login = Blueprint("login", __name__) from . import view

flask应用框架，blueprint

'Blueprint' object is not callable

Blueprint注册路由之后怎么把路由都显示在app.qy的文件里面

blueprint蓝图 访问404

Blueprint（）的作用

AttributeError: 'Blueprint' object has no attribute 'text_request_context'

blueprint-pcb有什么用

flask blueprint

user_bp1 = Blueprint('user',__name__,url_prefix='/user') NameError: name 'Blueprint' is not defined

from flask import Blueprint blog_bp = Blueprint('blog',__name__) app.register_blueprint(blog_bp,url_prefix='/blog') 代码解释

flask 框架下，使用blueprint实现 mqtt 服务器

flask blueprint中只用flask插件

from flask import Blueprint blog_bp = Blueprint('blog',__name__) 代码解释

Blueprint的route装饰器

最新资源

from flask import Blueprint login = Blueprint("login", name) from . import view

blueprint蓝图访问404

user_bp1 = Blueprint('user',name,url_prefix='/user') NameError: name 'Blueprint' is not defined

from flask import Blueprint blog_bp = Blueprint('blog',name) app.register_blueprint(blog_bp,url_prefix='/blog') 代码解释

from flask import Blueprint blog_bp = Blueprint('blog',name) 代码解释