《Java泛型与集合》详解

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"《Java Generics and Collections》是一本由Maurice Naftalin和Philip Wadler合著的专著，它深入探讨了Java中的泛型（Generics）和集合框架（Collections）。该书在2007年由O'Reilly Media出版，版权受到保护，旨在提供给教育、商业或销售推广领域使用。全书内容覆盖了Java 5引入的新特性，即泛型，这是一种强大的类型系统，它允许程序员在编写代码时指定类型参数，从而实现类型安全的代码重用，减少运行时错误。书中详细介绍了泛型的概念、语法和使用方法，帮助读者理解如何在类、接口和方法中使用类型参数，以及如何通过类型擦除和上下文无关性确保跨平台兼容性。此外，作者还阐述了Java集合框架（如List、Set、Map等）的泛型版本，包括ArrayList、LinkedList、HashMap、TreeMap等，以及如何利用泛型提高这些数据结构的性能和安全性。除了理论讲解，本书还包含丰富的实例和最佳实践，让读者能够在实际项目中应用所学知识。通过阅读这本书，开发人员能够更好地管理数据结构，避免因类型不匹配导致的异常，并提升代码质量和可维护性。此外，书中还探讨了泛型在并发编程、异常处理和其他高级Java特性中的应用。《Java Generics and Collections》是一本非常适合Java开发者进阶学习的参考资料，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发人员都能从中受益匪浅。通过理解并掌握泛型和集合框架的泛型版本，开发者可以在编写更加灵活、安全和高效的代码方面取得显著的进步。"

• We often include code that corresponds to the body of an appropriate main method:

Stack<Integer> stack = new ArrayStack<Integer>();

for (int i = 0; i<4; i++) stack.push(i);

assert stack.toString().equals("stack[0, 1, 2, 3]");

• Code fragments are printed in fixed-width font when they appear within a para-

graph (as when we referred to a main method in the preceding item).

• We often omit standard imports. Code that uses the Java Collection Framework

or other utility classes should be preceded by the line:

import java.util.*;

• Sample interactive sessions, showing command-line input and corresponding out-

put, are shown in constant-width font, with user-supplied input preceded by a

percent sign:

% javac g/Stack.java g/ArrayStack.java g/Stacks.java l/Client.java

Note: Client.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations.

Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.

• When user-supplied input is two lines long, the first line is ended with a backslash:

% javac -Xlint:unchecked g/Stack.java g/ArrayStack.java \

% g/Stacks.java l/Client.java

l/Client.java:4: warning: [unchecked] unchecked call

to push(E) as a member of the raw type Stack

for (int i = 0; i<4; i++) stack.push(new Integer(i));

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for

permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code

from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,

author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: "Java Generics and Collections, by Maurice

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above,

feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

xiv | Preface

PART I

Generics

Generics are a powerful, and sometimes controversial, new feature of the Java pro-

gramming language. This part of the book describes generics, using the Collections

Framework as a source of examples. A comprehensive introduction to the Collections

Framework appears in the second part of the book.

The first five chapters focus on the fundamentals of generics. Chapter 1 gives an over-

view of generics and other new features in Java 5, including boxing, foreach loops, and

functions with a variable number of arguments. Chapter 2 reviews how subtyping

works and explains how wildcards let you use subtyping in connection with generics.

Chapter 3 describes how generics work with the Comparable interface, which requires

a notion of bounds on type variables. Chapter 4 looks at how generics work with various

declarations, including constructors, static members, and nested classes. Chapter 5

explains how to evolve legacy code to exploit generics, and how ease of evolution is a

key advantage of the design of generics in Java. Once you have these five chapters under

your belt, you will be able to use generics effectively in most basic situations.

The next four chapters treat advanced topics. Chapter 6 explains how the same design

that leads to ease of evolution also necessarily leads to a few rough edges in the treat-

ment of casts, exceptions, and arrays. The fit between generics and arrays is the worst

rough corner of the language, and we formulate two principles to help you work around

the problems. Chapter 7 explains new features that relate generics and reflection, in-

cluding the newly generified type Class<T> and additions to the Java library that support

reflection of generic types. Chapter 8 contains advice on how to use generics effectively

in practical coding. We consider checked collections, security issues, specialized

classes, and binary compatibility. Chapter 9 presents five extended examples, looking

at how generics affect five well-known design patterns: Visitor, Interpreter, Function,

Strategy, and Subject-Observer.

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