从新手到专家：Pro Git权威指南（Scott Chacon编著）

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《Pro Git》是由Scott Chacon撰写的一本权威指南，专门针对Git版本控制系统进行深入解析。这本书自2009年出版以来，深受开发人员尤其是开源社区的欢迎，因为它不仅介绍了分布式版本控制的世界，还提供了如何构建高效Git开发流程的实用技巧。作为Linus Torvalds为Linux内核开发设计的系统，Git因其灵活性、高效性和可靠性在业界迅速崛起，被众多企业，如Google、Red Hat和IBM，以及无数开源项目广泛应用。该书详细涵盖了以下核心知识点： 1. **Git简介**：书中首先介绍了Git的核心概念，包括版本控制的原理和它相对于传统集中式版本控制系统（如SVN）的优势，如分支管理的灵活性、提交历史的可追溯性以及工作流程的分布式特性。 2. **工作流程设置**：如何安装和配置Git，理解基本命令如`git clone`、`git add`、`git commit`和`git push`等，以及它们在实际开发中的作用。书中还会介绍如何处理合并冲突和分支管理的最佳实践。 3. **分布式版本控制**：Git不同于其他集中式版本控制系统的分布式特性，即每个开发者的本地仓库都是完整副本，这使得团队协作更加便捷，同时降低了对中央服务器的依赖。 4. **远程仓库与协作**：如何在GitHub、GitLab或Bitbucket等远程平台上创建和管理仓库，以及协作时的拉取请求、分支策略和代码审查流程。 5. **Git日志和历史**：如何查看和分析Git日志，这对于追踪代码变化和问题定位至关重要。书中还会讲解如何利用Git的高级搜索功能。 6. **Git工具与插件**：推荐使用的Git工具、脚本和可视化工具，帮助开发者提升效率和团队协作的顺畅度。 7. **最佳实践和案例研究**：书中会提供一系列实用的开发案例和最佳实践，帮助读者了解如何在实际项目中实施Git，以确保开发流程的稳健和高效。 8. **许可证和版权**：特别强调了书中代码和资源的版权信息，以及读者在使用和传播这些内容时应遵循的Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License和GNU General Public License (GPL)的规定。《Pro Git》是一本不可多得的Git学习宝典，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中收获宝贵的知识和技能，提升你的Git使用能力，适应现代软件开发的需求。通过阅读这本书，你将能够构建出适合自己的Git开发工作流程，并充分利用Git的强大功能来优化项目管理和协作。

xix

First, I would like to thank the entire Git development community for giving us such a great

tool. I dislike working in C and so have contributed little actual code to the Git project, opting

instead to try to teach, document, and evangelize it, which I tend to be a lot better at. However,

without the guys that wrote and maintain Git, I would still be living in the sad and hopeless

version-controlled world that is Subversion.

I would also very much like to thank Shawn Pearce, who, aside from being one of the more

prolific developers on the Git project, is also the technical editor for this book. Shawn has saved

me from making countless horrible technical mistakes in this book and has done so on numer-

ous other occasions as well. I always enjoy working with him; I tend to give my best guess at

something, and then he teaches me what the right answer is. I have learned a ton from him,

which I often get to teach to hundreds of others (who then give me credit).

I want to thank my good friend Nick Hengeveld, who has contributed a lot of work to Git

and, more important for me, introduced me to the tool and taught me how to use it back in the

pre-1.0 days. There is probably no way I would be doing all this if he had not brought Git to

my attention and introduced it to the environment in which we both worked.

Further thanks go to Chris Wanstrath, Tom Preston-Werner, and PJ Hyett for inviting me

to join them in working on GitHub very early on, allowing me to spend basically all my time

thinking about and working on Git-related projects. It’s difficult to imagine a better group of

people to work with or a better job to have.

Last, I want to thank my wife, Jessica, who kept me continually working at this. Writing a

book of this scope is a heck of a process, and when I stalled out from time to time, she made

sure I got back on track. Thanks, Magoo.

Acknowledgments

xxi

You’re about to spend several hours of your life reading about Git. Let’s take a minute to

explain what we have in store for you. Here is a quick summary of this book’s nine chapters:

In Chapter 1, you’ll cover Version Control Systems (VCSs) and Git basics—no technical

stuff, just what Git is, why it came about in a land full of VCSs, what sets it apart, and why so

many people are using it. Then, you’ll learn how to download Git and set it up for the first time

if you don’t already have it on your system.

In Chapter 2, you’ll go over basic Git usage—how to use Git in the 80% of cases you’ll

encounter most often. After reading this chapter, you should be able to clone a repository, see

what has happened in the history of the project, modify files, and contribute changes. If the

book spontaneously combusts at this point, you should already be pretty useful wielding Git in

the time it takes you to go pick up another copy.

Chapter 3 is about the branching model in Git, often described as Git’s killer feature. Here,

you’ll learn what truly sets Git apart from the pack. When you’re done, you may feel the need to

spend a quiet moment pondering how you lived before Git branching was part of your life.

Chapter 4 will cover Git on the server. This chapter is for those of you who want to set up

Git inside your organization or on your personal server for collaboration. You’ll also explore

various hosted options if you prefer to let someone else handle that for you.

Chapter 5 will go over in full detail various distributed workflows and how to accomplish

them with Git. When you’re done with this chapter, you should be able to work expertly with

multiple remote repositories, use Git over e-mail, and deftly juggle numerous remote branches

and contributed patches.

Chapter 6 is about advanced Git commands. You’ll learn about topics like binary search-

ing to identify bugs, editing history, revision selection in detail, and a lot more. This chapter

will round out your knowledge of Git so that you’re truly a master.

Chapter 7 is about configuring your custom Git environment. This includes setting up

hook scripts to enforce or encourage customized policies and using environment configura-

tion settings so you can work the way you want to. You’ll also cover building your own set of

scripts to enforce a custom committing policy.

Chapter 8 deals with Git and other VCSs. This includes using Git in a Subversion (SVN) world

and converting projects from other VCSs to Git. A lot of organizations still use SVN and aren’t about

to change, but by this point you’ll have learned the incredible power of Git—and this chapter will

show you how to cope if you still have to use a SVN server. You’ll also cover how to import projects

from several different systems in case you do convince everyone to make the plunge.

Now that you know all about Git and can wield it with power and grace, you can move

on to Chapter 9, which delves into the murky yet beautiful depths of Git internals. Here you’ll

learn how Git stores its objects, what the object model is, details of packfiles and server pro-

tocols, and more. Throughout, the book refers to sections of this chapter in case you feel like

looking deeper at that point; but if you’re like me and want to dive right into the technical

details, you may want to read Chapter 9 first. I leave that up to you.

Let’s get started.

Introduction

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从新手到专家：Pro Git权威指南（Scott Chacon编著）

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