COL 12(11), 111403(2014) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS November 10, 2014
1671-7694/2014/111403(4) 111403-1 © 2014 Chinese Optics Letters
Stable multi-wavelength thulium-doped ber laser
based on all-ber Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Peng Zhang (张 鹏)
1
, Wanzhuo Ma (马万卓)
1
, Tianshu Wang (王天枢)
1,2*
,
Qingsong Jia (贾青松)
1
, and Chunming Wan (万春明)
2
1
National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Space Optoelectronics
Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
2
College of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology,
Changchun 130022, China
*
Corresponding author: wangts@cust.edu.cn
Received June 18, 2014; accepted August 8, 2014; posted online October 27, 2014
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a multi-wavelength thulium-doped ber (TDF) laser based on
all-ber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) at 1.9 mm. Here a segment of 4 m single-mode TDF is pumped
by 1568 nm ber laser for 2 mm band optical gain. The MZI includes two cascaded 3 dB coupler. A segment of
3.5 m long un-pumped polarization-maintaining TDF and polarization controller (PC) are joined in the ring cavi-
ty to suppress the mode competition. Multi-wavelength lasers at 1.9 mm with wavelength number from one to four
are obtained by adjusting the PC and the stability of output power of multi-wavelength ber laser is analyzed.
OCIS codes: 060.3510, 140.3070.
doi: 10.3788/COL201412.111403.
Thulium-doped ber (TDF) laser sources operating in
the eye-safe 2 mm spectral region have been researched
over the past decade owing to their numerous potential
applications in areas such as lidar, remote sensing, medi-
cal treatment, and free-space optical communications
[1–3]
.
In recent years, high-power narrow linewidth, wide
tuning range, and mode-locked 2 mm TDF laser have
been researched
[4–11]
and TDF ampliers have also been
designed for free-space optical communications at 2 mm
band optical gain
[12]
.
As for most potential applications mentioned, multi-
wavelength lasers have the great benets of being com-
pact and cost-eective. Multi-wavelength ber lasers
have been signicantly researched in recent years. At
room temperature, multi-wavelength 2 mm region ber
laser can be achieved by dierent approaches, such
as the incorporation of high-birefringence ber Bragg
grating (FBG)
[13]
, the use of a nonlinear loop mirror
or the nonlinear polarization rotation eect
[14,15]
, and
the combination of highly nonlinear ber
[16]
. However,
high-birefringence FBG limits the number of lasing
wavelengths due to the narrow transmission bands, and
highly nonlinear ber increases the insertion loss in the
cavity. Multi-wavelength lasers based on linear loop
mirror or the nonlinear polarization rotation eect limit
the side mode suppress ratio (SMSR) and linewidth of
lasing wavelengths.
In this letter, a stable multi-wavelength TDF laser
operating at 1.9 mm is proposed and demonstrated by
using an all-ber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)
and a segment of polarization-maintaining (PM) TDF.
The all-ber MZI works as a comb lter to select wave-
length and the PM-TDF acts as a saturable absorber
to ensure the operation of stable multi-wavelength.
At room temperature, multi-wavelength laser with
wavelength number from one to four can be obtained
by tuning the polarization controller (PC) in the cavity.
SMSR and 3 dB linewidth are 57 dB and 0.149 nm,
respectively, as observed by optical spectrum analyzer
(OSA) and the stability of multi-wavelength ber laser
is analyzed.
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the multi-
wavelength TDF laser with the ring cavity. The
1568 nm ber laser with maximum power of 250mW
is injected into a segment of 4 m long TDF by
a 1570/2000 nm wavelength division multiplexer
(WDM). An optical isolator is used to ensure that the
laser oscillates in a single direction around the ring.
The MZI, as a comb lter, is used as the wavelength
selector in the cavity. A 3.5 m long PM-TDF acts
as a saturable absorber to weaken the homogeneous
gain broadening and suppress the mode competition.
The multi-wavelength lasing output is measured by
an OSA (Yokogawa, AQ6375) from the 10% port of a
coupler.
WDM
TDF
PC
2
10%
OC
3 dBOC1
3 dBOC2
PC
1
PM-TDF
ISO
Fig. 1. Conguration of multi-wavelength TDF laser. OC,
optical coupler; ISO, optical isolator.