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首页Oracle 11g数据库备份与恢复权威指南
Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide, 11g Release 2 (11.2) 是一份官方文档,专为Oracle数据库的备份与恢复提供详尽指导。这份文档涵盖了关键的技术内容,包括RMAN(Recovery Manager)备份和恢复、RMAN数据传输、Oracle Flashback Technology以及用户管理的备份和恢复策略。
RMAN(Recovery Manager)是Oracle数据库的核心备份工具,它提供了全面的数据库保护,允许管理员进行数据备份、增量备份、差异备份以及故障点恢复。通过RMAN,您可以创建数据库的完整备份,并在必要时执行数据恢复,确保数据的完整性和一致性。同时,RMAN支持异步操作,可以在不影响数据库运行的情况下进行备份,提高了备份效率。
Oracle Flashback Technology 是另一个重要的恢复手段,它提供了对数据库历史状态的查看和回滚功能。这包括Flashback Data Archive,用于长期保存历史数据变化记录,以及Flashback Transaction或Statement,可以让用户回滚到特定事务或语句执行前的状态,极大地增强了数据的可恢复性。
用户管理备份和恢复则强调了管理员的主动参与和定制化需求。除了RMAN,用户可以设置自定义脚本、定时任务和备份策略,以适应不同的业务场景和恢复时间目标(RTO)。此外,文档还可能涉及如何配置备份存储介质(如磁带、磁盘或云存储)、备份性能优化以及恢复过程中的注意事项。
版权信息表明,该文档由Lance Ashdown等人共同编写,他们都是Oracle数据库领域的专家,贡献了各自的专业知识。文档严格受版权保护,用户在使用时必须遵守许可协议中的使用和披露限制。除非在许可证协议中有明确允许,否则不得复制、修改或传播文档内容。
Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide, 11g Release 2 提供了全面的指导,对于任何处理Oracle数据库管理和灾难恢复的人员来说,都是一份不可或缺的参考资料。通过深入学习和实践其中的内容,用户能够更好地维护数据库的稳定性和数据安全。
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28 Making User-Managed Database Backups
Querying V$ Views to Obtain Backup Information ...................................................................... 28-1
Listing Database Files Before a Backup ....................................................................................... 28-1
Determining Datafile Status for Online Tablespace Backups................................................... 28-2
Making User-Managed Backups of the Whole Database.............................................................. 28-3
Making User-Managed Backups of Tablespaces and Datafiles ................................................... 28-4
Making User-Managed Backups of Offline Tablespaces and Datafiles .................................. 28-4
Making User-Managed Backups of Online Tablespaces and Datafiles .................................. 28-5
Making User-Managed Backups of the Control File.................................................................... 28-10
Backing Up the Control File to a Binary File............................................................................. 28-10
Backing Up the Control File to a Trace File............................................................................... 28-11
Making User-Managed Backups of Archived Redo Logs ........................................................... 28-11
Making User-Managed Backups in SUSPEND Mode ................................................................. 28-11
About the Suspend/Resume Feature......................................................................................... 28-12
Making Backups in a Suspended Database............................................................................... 28-12
Making User-Managed Backups to Raw Devices......................................................................... 28-14
Backing Up to Raw Devices on Linux and UNIX..................................................................... 28-14
Backing Up to Raw Devices on Windows................................................................................. 28-16
Making Backups with the Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS).............................................. 28-17
Verifying User-Managed Datafile Backups ................................................................................... 28-17
Testing the Restoration of Datafile Backups ............................................................................. 28-17
Running the DBVERIFY Utility .................................................................................................. 28-17
29 Performing User-Managed Database Flashback and Recovery
Performing Flashback Database with SQL*Plus ............................................................................ 29-1
Overview of User-Managed Media Recovery.................................................................................. 29-2
About User-Managed Restore and Recovery.............................................................................. 29-2
Automatic Recovery with the RECOVER Command................................................................ 29-4
Recovery When Archived Logs Are in the Default Location ................................................... 29-5
Recovery When Archived Logs Are in a Nondefault Location................................................ 29-5
Recovery Cancellation.................................................................................................................... 29-6
Parallel Media Recovery ................................................................................................................ 29-7
Performing Complete Database Recovery ....................................................................................... 29-7
Performing Closed Database Recovery ....................................................................................... 29-8
Performing Open Database Recovery........................................................................................ 29-11
Performing Incomplete Database Recovery................................................................................... 29-13
Performing Cancel-Based Incomplete Recovery ...................................................................... 29-14
Performing Time-Based or Change-Based Incomplete Recovery.......................................... 29-16
Recovering a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode................................................................... 29-16
Troubleshooting Media Recovery .................................................................................................... 29-18
About User-Managed Media Recovery Problems.................................................................... 29-18
Investigating the Media Recovery Problem: Phase 1............................................................... 29-20
Trying to Fix the Recovery Problem Without Corrupting Blocks: Phase 2 .......................... 29-20
Deciding Whether to Allow Recovery to Mark as Corrupt Blocks: Phase 3 ........................ 29-22
Allowing Recovery to Corrupt Blocks: Phase 4........................................................................ 29-23
Performing Trial Recovery........................................................................................................... 29-23
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30 Performing User-Managed Recovery: Advanced Scenarios
Responding to the Loss of a Subset of the Current Control Files ............................................... 30-1
Copying a Multiplexed Control File to a Default Location ...................................................... 30-1
Copying a Multiplexed Control File to a Nondefault Location ............................................... 30-2
Recovering After the Loss of All Current Control Files ................................................................ 30-2
Recovering with a Backup Control File in the Default Location ............................................. 30-3
Recovering with a Backup Control File in a Nondefault Location ......................................... 30-4
Recovering Through an Added Datafile with a Backup Control File..................................... 30-4
Recovering Read-Only Tablespaces with a Backup Control File............................................. 30-5
Re-Creating a Control File ................................................................................................................... 30-6
Recovering Through a RESETLOGS with a Created Control File ........................................... 30-7
Recovery of Read-Only Files with a Re-Created Control File .................................................. 30-8
Re-Creating Datafiles When Backups Are Unavailable................................................................ 30-8
Recovering NOLOGGING Tables and Indexes .............................................................................. 30-9
Recovering Transportable Tablespaces ........................................................................................... 30-10
Recovering After the Loss of Online Redo Log Files................................................................... 30-10
Recovering After Losing a Member of a Multiplexed Online Redo Log Group ................. 30-11
Recovering After Losing of All Members of an Online Redo Log Group ............................ 30-12
Recovering from a Dropped Table Without Using Flashback Features ................................... 30-15
Dropping a Database with SQL*Plus.............................................................................................. 30-16
Glossary
Index
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Preface
This preface contains the following topics:
■ Audience
■ Documentation Accessibility
■ Related Documentation
■ Relocated Documentation
■ Conventions
Audience
Backup and Recovery User's Guide is intended for database administrators who perform
the following tasks:
■ Back up, restore, and recover Oracle databases
■ Perform maintenance on backups of database files
■ Transfer data between a file system and ASM or between platforms when
installing Oracle Database
To use this document, you need to know the following:
■ Relational database concepts and basic database administration as described in
Oracle Database Concepts and the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide
■ The operating system environment under which you are running the database
Documentation Accessibility
Our goal is to make Oracle products, services, and supporting documentation
accessible to all users, including users that are disabled. To that end, our
documentation includes features that make information available to users of assistive
technology. This documentation is available in HTML format, and contains markup to
facilitate access by the disabled community. Accessibility standards will continue to
evolve over time, and Oracle is actively engaged with other market-leading
technology vendors to address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be
accessible to all of our customers. For more information, visit the Oracle Accessibility
Program Web site at http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/.
Accessibility of Code Examples in Documentation
Screen readers may not always correctly read the code examples in this document. The
conventions for writing code require that closing braces should appear on an
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otherwise empty line; however, some screen readers may not always read a line of text
that consists solely of a bracket or brace.
Accessibility of Links to External Web Sites in Documentation
This documentation may contain links to Web sites of other companies or
organizations that Oracle does not own or control. Oracle neither evaluates nor makes
any representations regarding the accessibility of these Web sites.
Access to Oracle Support
Oracle customers have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. For
information, visit http://www.oracle.com/support/contact.html or visit
http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/support.html if you are hearing
impaired.
Related Documentation
For more information, see these Oracle resources:
■ Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference
■ Oracle Database Utilities
■ Oracle Database Storage Administrator's Guide
You can access information about the Backup Solutions Program (BSP) at
http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/availability
Many books in the documentation set use the sample schemas of the seed database,
which is installed by default when you install Oracle Database. Refer to Oracle
Database Sample Schemas for information about how these schemas were created and
how you can use them yourself.
Oracle error message documentation is only available in HTML. If you only have
access to the Oracle Documentation CD, then you can browse the error messages by
range. Once you find the specific range, use your browser's "find in page" feature to
locate the specific message. When connected to the Internet, you can search for a
specific error message using the error message search feature of the Oracle online
documentation.
Relocated Documentation
The following chapters have been relocated:
■ Chapter 24: "Creating Transportable Tablespace Sets." You can reference this
material in Oracle Database Administrator's Guide.
■ Chapter 26: "Performing ASM Data Migration." This information is now included
in the Database Storage Administrator's Guide.
Conventions
The following text conventions are used in this document:
Convention Meaning
boldface Boldface type indicates graphical user interface elements associated
with an action, or terms defined in text or the glossary.
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