Writing Tests for PHPUnit
6
• A producer is a test method that yields its unit under test as return value.
• A consumer is a test method that depends on one or more producers and their return values.
Example 2.2, “Using the @depends annotation to express dependencies” shows how to use the
@depends annotation to express dependencies between test methods.
Example 2.2. Using the @depends annotation to express dependencies
<?php
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class StackTest extends TestCase
{
public function testEmpty()
{
$stack = [];
$this->assertEmpty($stack);
return $stack;
}
/**
* @depends testEmpty
*/
public function testPush(array $stack)
{
array_push($stack, 'foo');
$this->assertEquals('foo', $stack[count($stack)-1]);
$this->assertNotEmpty($stack);
return $stack;
}
/**
* @depends testPush
*/
public function testPop(array $stack)
{
$this->assertEquals('foo', array_pop($stack));
$this->assertEmpty($stack);
}
}
?>
In the example above, the first test, testEmpty(), creates a new array and asserts that it is empty.
The test then returns the fixture as its result. The second test, testPush(), depends on testEmp-
ty() and is passed the result of that depended-upon test as its argument. Finally, testPop() de-
pends upon testPush().
Note
The return value yielded by a producer is passed "as-is" to its consumers by default. This
means that when a producer returns an object, a reference to that object is passed to the
consumers. When a copy should be used instead of a reference, then @depends clone
should be used instead of @depends.
To quickly localize defects, we want our attention to be focussed on relevant failing tests. This is why
PHPUnit skips the execution of a test when a depended-upon test has failed. This improves defect
localization by exploiting the dependencies between tests as shown in Example 2.3, “Exploiting the
dependencies between tests”.
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