Oracle 11g JDBC开发者指南：通用连接池技术详解

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Oracle Universal Connection Pool for JDBC Developer's Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) 是一份详细的文档，专为开发人员设计，介绍了如何有效地利用Oracle的通用连接池API进行JDBC编程。该指南在2009年9月发布，版权属于Oracle及其关联公司，所有权利受到保护。该文档的核心内容主要集中在以下几个方面： 1. **概述**： Oracle Universal Connection Pool 提供了一种数据库连接管理方法，它独立于特定的JDBC驱动程序，允许开发者在多应用程序、多线程环境中高效地共享数据库连接，从而优化性能和资源利用率。 2. **API介绍**： API的非依赖性意味着开发者可以使用这个统一的接口来连接任何支持JDBC的数据库，无需担心底层实现细节的变化。这为开发人员提供了极大的灵活性，减少了维护成本。 3. **安装和配置**：指南详细阐述了如何在项目中集成和配置连接池，包括设置初始化参数、监控和调整池大小，以及处理连接的生命周期管理。 4. **最佳实践**：提供了关于如何合理设置连接池，避免常见的性能瓶颈，如长时间打开/关闭连接、过度并发等，并推荐了优化策略，如预编译语句和批量操作。 5. **安全与可靠性**：文档强调了安全注意事项，如使用SSL/TLS加密连接，以及如何确保数据的一致性和事务处理。还涵盖了故障转移和恢复机制。 6. **高级主题**：涵盖了更复杂场景下的连接池使用，如连接池与集群环境的协同工作，以及与Oracle WebLogic Server或Oracle Application Server等应用服务器的集成。 7. **许可证和法律限制**：提醒用户在使用此软件时必须遵守相应的许可证协议，禁止未经许可的复制、修改或分发，除非法律另有规定，否则不允许进行逆向工程或反编译。 Oracle Universal Connection Pool for JDBC Developer's Guide 11g Release 2 是开发人员在构建高可用、高性能应用程序时不可或缺的参考文献，它帮助开发者更好地理解和利用Oracle的连接池技术，实现更加稳定、高效的数据库连接管理。

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Getting Started 2-1

2Getting Started

The following sections are included in this chapter:

■ Requirements for using UCP

■ Basic Connection Steps in UCP

■ Basic Connection Example Using UCP

■ UCP for JDBC API Overview

Requirements for using UCP

UCP for JDBC has the following design-time and run-time requirements:

■ JRE 1.5 or higher

■ A JDBC diver or a connection factory class capable of returning a

java.sql.Connection and javax.sql.XAConnection object

Oracle drivers from releases 10.1 or higher are supported. Advanced Oracle

Database features, such as Oracle RAC and Fast Connection Failover, require the

Oracle Notification Service library (ons.jar) that is included with the Oracle

Client software.

■ The ucp.jar library must be included in the classpath of an application.

■ A database that supports SQL. Advanced features, such as Oracle RAC and Fast

Connection Failover, require an Oracle Database.

Basic Connection Steps in UCP

UCP for JDBC provides a pool-enabled data source that is used by applications to

borrow connections from a UCP JDBC connection pool. A connection pool is not

explicitly defined for the most basic use case. Instead, a default connection pool is

implicitly created when the connection is borrowed.

The following steps describe how to get a connection from a UCP for JDBC

pool-enabled data source in order to access a database. The complete example is

provided in Example 2–1, "Basic Connection Example":

1. Use the UCP for JDBC data source factory

(oracle.ucp.jdbc.PoolDataSourceFactory) to get an instance of a

pool-enabled data source using the getPoolDataSource method. The data

source instance must be of the type PoolDataSource. For example:

PoolDataSource pds = PoolDataSourceFactory.getPoolDataSource();

Basic Connection Example Using UCP

2-2 Oracle Universal Connection Pool for JDBC Developer's Guide

Set the connection properties that are required to get a physical connection to a

database. These properties are set on the data source instance and include: the

URL, the user name, and password to connect to the database and the connection

factory used to get the physical connection. These properties are specific to a JDBC

driver and database. For example:

pds.setConnectionFactoryClassName("oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource");

pds.setURL("jdbc:oracle:thin:@//localhost:1521/XE");

pds.setUser("<user>");

pds.setPassword("<password>");

3. Set any pool properties in order to override the connection pool’s default behavior.

the pool properties are set on the data source instance. For example:

pds.setInitialPoolSize(5);

4. Get a connection using the data source instance. The returned connection is a

logical handle to a physical connection in the data source’s connection pool. For

example:

Connection conn = pds.getConnection();

5. Use the connection to perform some work on the database:

Statement stmt = conn.createStatement ();

stmt.execute("SELECT * FROM foo");

6. Close the connection and return it to the pool.

conn.close();

Basic Connection Example Using UCP

The following example is a program that connects to a database to do some work and

then exits. The example is simple and in some cases not very practical; however, it

does demonstrate the basic steps required to get a connection from a UCP for JDBC

pooled-enabled data source in order to access a database.

Example 2–1 Basic Connection Example

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Statement;

import oracle.ucp.jdbc.PoolDataSourceFactory;

import oracle.ucp.jdbc.PoolDataSource;

public class BasicConnectionExample {

public static void main(String args[]) throws SQLException {

try

{

//Create pool-enabled data source instance.

PoolDataSource pds = PoolDataSourceFactory.getPoolDataSource();

//set the connection properties on the data source.

pds.setConnectionFactoryClassName("oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource");

pds.setURL("jdbc:oracle:thin:@//localhost:1521/XE");

pds.setUser("<user>");

pds.setPassword("<password>");

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